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FAA/Asphalt Institute Airport Pavement Workshop October 18-20, 2011 Newport Beach, California

FAA/Asphalt Institute Airport Pavement Workshop October 18-20, 2011 Newport Beach, California. Hector Daiutolo. The Benefit of Runway Grooving. Problem: The Water Covered Runway www.ismaeljorda.com. Runway Grooving.

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FAA/Asphalt Institute Airport Pavement Workshop October 18-20, 2011 Newport Beach, California

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  1. FAA/Asphalt Institute Airport Pavement Workshop October 18-20, 2011 Newport Beach, California Hector Daiutolo The Benefit of Runway Grooving

  2. Problem: The Water Covered Runway www.ismaeljorda.com

  3. Runway Grooving • Misconceptions Have Developed Relative to Its Purpose During Its More Than 40 Years of Application.

  4. Runway Grooving • Prudent to Stress Reasons for Which It Is NotUsed

  5. Runway Grooving • NotUsed to Provide Drainage of Water from the Pavement Surface

  6. Drainage • Provided by the TransverseSlope of the Pavement Surface • Grooves Are Cut in the Runway Surface Transversely to the Pavement Centerline and Make a Secondary Contribution to Drainage.

  7. Runway Grooving • NotUsed to Provide an Increase in the FrictionCapability of the Pavement Surface

  8. Friction • FrictionCapability of the Pavement Surface Provided by the Quality of the Microtexture - Macrotexture Combination

  9. Runway Grooving • Provides ForcedWaterEscape from the Pavement Surface under Aircraft Tires Traveling at High Speed

  10. Runway Grooving • Does Not Eliminate Hydroplaning • ReducesHydroplaning to a Manageable Level • A HigherDegree of Contact is Maintained Between AircraftTires and the PavementSurface under the Condition of Standing Water.

  11. Runway Grooving • Enables Pavement Surface Microtexture - Macrotexture Combination to Provide SufficientBraking and DirectionalControl to Aircraft • Slight to Significant as Speed of Aircraft or Water Depth on Pavement is Reduced

  12. Runway Grooving • Reduces Dynamic Hydroplaning (Standing Water) • Reduces Viscous Hydroplaning (Wet Pavement with Little to No Standing Water)

  13. Rule of Thumb for Water Covered Runways Servicing Aircraft Operations • Transverse Slope Provides Drainage. • Texture of Pavement Provides Friction. • Grooving Enables Aircraft Tires to Contact the Pavement.

  14. Runway Grooving • In the Presence of Water, Totally Worn Aircraft Tires Experience Better Braking on a Grooved Pavement than Newly Treaded Tires on a Nongrooved Pavement.

  15. Porous Friction Course Substitutes for Runway Grooving • Provides Drainage of Water from the Pavement Surface (Primary) • Provides ForcedWaterEscape from the Pavement Surface under Aircraft Tires Traveling at High Speed Similar to Grooving (Secondary) • Application Limited Relative to Density of Aircraft Operations

  16. Not Substitutes for Runway Grooving • Tire Tread (Demonstrated in Full Scale Tests) • Coarse Pavement Surface Macrotexture (Demonstrated to a Limited Degree in Full Scale Tests)

  17. FAA Full Scale Test Program Braking/Hydroplaning • 1975 to 1983 • 600 Full Scale Tests • Dynamic Test Track • Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete • Variety of Pavement Surface Treatments • Wet to Flooded Conditions • Speeds of 30 to 150 Knots

  18. FAA Full Scale Test Program Braking/Hydroplaning • Aircraft Tire, 49 by 17, 26 ply, type VII (Boeing 727 and 747) • Tire Pressure, 140 psi • Wheel Load, 35,000 lbs • Maximum Braking Data Base • Test Facility, NAEC (Navy), Lakehurst, New Jersey

  19. FAA Full Scale Test Program Braking/Hydroplaning Water Depth Conditions on Pavement • Wet 0.00 in. Standing Water • Puddled 0.10 in. Standing Water • Flooded 0.25 in. Standing Water

  20. Launch End of Test Track

  21. Launch End of Test Track

  22. Dynamometer with Tire-Wheel Assembly

  23. New and Worn Tire Tread

  24. Saw Cutting Grooves in the Test Pavement

  25. Test Pavement at the Recovery End of the Test Track

  26. 1/4 x 1/4 in. Grooves Spaced at 1 1/4 , 2, and 3 ins.

  27. 1/8 x 1/8 in. Grooves Spaced at 1/2 in. and Porous Friction Course

  28. Experimental Percussive Grooves at 3 in. Spacing

  29. Grooved Pavement • FAA Standard 1/4 x 1/4 Saw-Cut Grooves Spaced at 1½ inches • Represented by CurveFits between Data Points for 1¼inch and 2inchSpacing

  30. Braking on a Wet Asphalt Pavement

  31. Braking on a Puddled Asphalt Pavement

  32. Braking on Flooded Asphalt Pavement

  33. Braking on a Wet Asphalt Pavement

  34. Braking on an Asphalt Pavement Under a Heavy Downpour

  35. Braking on an Asphalt Pavement Under a Heavy Downpour (Flooded)

  36. Essentials of an Aircraft Braking/Hydroplaning Test System • Full Scale • High Speed • Standing Water • Uniformity of Water Depths • Close Control of Variables

  37. Aircraft Braking/Hydroplaning Test System Scenarios • Full Scale Tire-Wheel Assembly on a Dynamic Test Track (Best Control of Variables) • Aircraft on a Runway

  38. FAA Standard and Proposed Saw-Cut Groove Patterns Standard Proposed

  39. FAA Standard Groove Pattern vs. High Macrotexture - New Tire on a Puddled Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

  40. Landing of a Jet Transport Aircraft on a Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) Runway under Rainfall Conditions

  41. Takeoff of a Jet Transport Aircraft on a Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) Runway under Rainfall Conditions

  42. FAA Standard Groove Pattern vs. High Macrotexture - New Tire on a Puddled Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

  43. Relationship between Results on the Test Track and Performance of the Aircraft on a Runway

  44. Braking on a Wet Asphalt Pavement

  45. Braking on a Wet Asphalt Pavement

  46. Braking on Wet Porous Friction Course

  47. Dynamic Test Track Data Can Be Used to Simulate Tire-Pavement Interaction During the Landing and Takeoff of a Jet Transport Aircraft with Worn Tires on a Runway under Rainfall Conditions.

  48. Inference Drawn from Simulation on Asphalt Pavement • RunwayGrooving Offers the Potential to Double The Magnitude of Tire-PavementInteraction for Jet Transport Aircraft Operating on Water Covered Runways.

  49. Landing

  50. Fast Touchdown at 150 Knots

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