The Respiratory System

1. The RespiratorySystem Cheng, Dena Sood, Chantal Vargas, Roselynn Per. 3 Monday 13, 2013

2. What is respiration? • The process of exchanging gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. It takes place in the lungs • Consists of: • Inhaling: makes the diaphragm contract by moving downwards. A space of emptiness is created- therefore air enters into the nose and mouth. • Exhaling: The diaphragm moves upwards to a normal state, and the body gets rid of the carbon dioxide. -

3. Organs Involved in Respiration Mouth + Nose Air gets inhaled through these two organs. Air coming inside the body is moistened and warmed in the nasal cavity. • Pharynx • The pharynx is a muscular tube that is found in the upper throat. This serves as a way for air to go down to the lungs. • Larynx (Voice Box) • This is a passageway of air found in the neck that air goes through after the pharynx. It has two functions: • Serves as a path for air to go through to the lungs • helps give us a voice- vocalization

4. Bronchi • The bronchi are tubes that lead into the lungs. It is split into the left and right bronchus. The trachea (a.k.a. windpipe) split into two sides. The bronchi then separates into the bronchioles. The filter the air we breathe in while inhaling. • Lungs • The lungs, the main organs in the respiratory system, are spongy and located on both sides of the chest cavity. The lungs are separated into two sides: the right and left. The left lung is divided into the superior lobe, and the right side is made of the superior, middle, and inferior lobe. Inside the lungs, oxygen is then exchanged with the body’s waste material, carbon dioxide. In the lungs, red blood cells come in to collect oxygen and carry it to body cells After dropping off the oxygen, the blood cells pick up the CO2 and take it to the lungs to be breathed out.

5. Aveoli • The bronchial tubes lead into the lungs, where they are split into little sacs called aveoli. The average human being has about 600 of these sacs in their body. They are surrounded by tiny capillaries. This is the place oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. Tiny capillaries surrounding the aveoli that are connected to pulmonary ateriescarry deoxygenated blood to these arteries to be replenished. Then, pulmonary veins carry the newly oxygenated blood back to the body cells that need them. • Diaphragm • The diaphragm is the muscle underneath the lungs. It causes the chest to expand as it contracts, and it as goes back to its normal state, the chest cavity contracts.

6. The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply blood with oxygen for cells to function • Cells need oxygen to live and carry out their certain functions • Lungs excrete the carbon dioxide which is a waste product of the cells • Breathing occurs because of air pressure differences between the lungs and the atmosphere

7. Exhalation Inhalation • When the lungs expand we breathe in. • The lungs expand when the rib muscle and diaphragm expand which therefore makes the chest cavity larger. • Nose filters and wets the air before it passes through the larynx so that it will not irritate the lungs • Then it goes into the trachea( filters inhaled air) • Cilia in the airways trap the waste particles which causes you to sneeze or cough in order to get particles out • Gases are exchanged in the alveoli • While inhaling, the heart pumps blood rich in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen, to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries • At the end of the pulmonary arteries are capillaries which surround the aveoli • The blood becomes oxygen rich when oxygen from the alveoli is passed into the capillaries • The carbon dioxide from the red blood cells moves into the alveoli • The carbon dioxide flows out of the alveoli and bronchial tubes and into the nose and mouth • When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax, the chest cavity gets smaller and air is forced out of the lungs • The oxygen rich blood flows back to the heart where it gets pumped to the rest of the body

8. How does oxygen reach the blood cells?? • Oxygen from alveoli is diffused into blood • Oxygen rich blood goes to the heart where it pumps blood to the tissues • Hemolgobin releases oxygen into cells • Carbon dioxide comes out of the cells • the carbon dioxide travels to the heart • The heart pumps blood to the lungs where it is exhaled.

9. Respiratory System Disease: Asthma • Asthma: a medical disorder that leads to swollen and narrow lung airways. It triggers shortness of breath, wheezing, tightness of the chest, and coughing. Causes: • Air pollution • Flower Pollen • Tobacco Smoke • Dust Mites • Mold • Forrest Fire or Burning Smoke

10. Prevention • Although Asthma attacks can be serious, they can also be prevented How Asthma Patients Ward Off Asthma Attacks • Keep all living areas clean • Don’t allow the growth of mold • Prevent being in regions of high pollen and smoke levels • Drink water to reduce mucus in airways in the lungs • Treatment Options • Treatment options for asthma are plentiful and useful for patients with this chronic lung condition Treatment • Rescue Medications ( inhalers, Ipratropium) • Allergy Treatment (allergy shots, allergy medication) • But in emergencies, the patient is urged to go to the doctor

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