Touchdown Autorotations

1. Touchdown Autorotations A Guide to Crashing Gently

2. Instructor • Captain Mike Becker • Chief Flight Instructor at Becker Helicopters • 15,000 hours • Day, Night, NVG, IFR, Multi • 29 years in the industry

3. Course Aim To discuss and explain the autorotationto a full touchdown.

4. Course Objectives • Entry • Descent • Flare • Termination • Questions

5. Roles My Role Your Role Have an enquiring mind Ask questions Stay on topic Participate and share your experiences • Facilitator • Teacher • Keep the class on topic • Listen and share experiences

6. Entry: • Lower Collective – all the way, positively • Look outside – Horizon • Attitude – 60 kts – Cyclic • Keep straight – pedals • Turn into wind and pick a spot. Enter

7. Descent Checks: N1 – Engine idling NR – Rotor RPM in the green Balance Speed Mayday call Trouble checks and secure aircraft Passenger Brief Enter Descent Checks

8. Decision Height: Passing through 500 feet, the instructor needs to decide: Go around Power termination Full touchdown Auto Enter Descent Checks Decision Height

9. Flare: What does the flare do? Reduces speed Reduces rate of descent Three flare effects: ? ? ? Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare 75-100ft

10. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare 75-100ft

11. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…

12. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Plane of Rotation Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow

13. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow

14. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow

15. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow

16. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Relative Airflow

17. Flare: What does the flare do? Reduces speed Reduces rate of descent Three flare effects: ? ? ? Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Increase in Rotor Thrust Weight Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Relative Airflow

18. Flare: What does the flare do? Reduces speed Reduces rate of descent Three flare effects: Increase in total rotor thrust ? ? Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Thrust reversal Horizontal Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Relative Airflow

19. Flare: What does the flare do? Reduces speed Reduces rate of descent Three flare effects: Increase in total rotor thrust Thrust reversal ? Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Horizontal Increase in Rotor RPM Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Relative Airflow

20. Flare: Develop Hold Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare 75-100ft Develop Hold

21. Flare: Develop Hold Initial Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare 75-100ft Develop Hold Initial 10ft

22. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Horizontal Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Total Rotor Thrust Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Rate of Descent Airflow Total Rotor Thrust Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Plane of Rotation Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Relative Airflow

23. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Horizontal Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Plane of Rotation Plane of Rotation Relative Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack

24. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Horizontal Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Relative Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Angle of Attack

25. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Horizontal Horizontal Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Vertical Weight Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Relative Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Angle of Attack

26. Flare: Develop Hold Initial Level Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare Flare 75-100ft Develop Hold Initial 10ft Level 5ft

27. Let’s take a closer look at what is happening… Horizontal Total Rotor Thrust Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Horizontal Horizontal Weight Vertical Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Angle of Attack Rate of Descent Airflow Relative Airflow Vertical Weight Weight Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Rate of Descent Airflow Rate of Descent Airflow Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation Relative Airflow Relative Airflow Angle of Attack Angle of Attack Total Rotor Thrust Total Rotor Thrust Plane of Rotation

28. Flare: Develop Hold Initial Level Sink Pull to cushion on Keep straight Lock cyclic – neutral or slightly forward Once stopped, lower collective Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare 75-100ft Develop Hold Initial 10ft Level 5ft Sink Pull to Cushion

30. Enter Descent Checks Decision Height Flare 75-100ft Develop Hold Initial 10ft Level 5ft Sink Pull to Cushion