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Problems in the German States

Problems in the German States. Thirty Years War. Thirty Years War. Thirty Years War. Thirty Years War. “Defenestration of Prague”. Thirty Years War. The HREmperor at this point...Ferdinand III...is Catholic Hence...in Bohemia...we have a Protestant rebellion against a C atholic Majority

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Problems in the German States

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  1. Problems in the German States

  2. Thirty Years War

  3. Thirty Years War

  4. Thirty Years War

  5. Thirty Years War

  6. “Defenestration of Prague”

  7. Thirty Years War • The HREmperor at this point...Ferdinand III...is Catholic • Hence...in Bohemia...we have a Protestant rebellion against a Catholic Majority • Spain supportsFerdinand. • Bavaria is behind the Catholics... • You will actually have a Lutherans against the Calvinists • Most of this fight will center on gaining territory, not necessarily Religious Conversion.

  8. Thirty Years War: Bohemian Period

  9. Thirty Years War: Danish Period • We see a dangerous swing as Catholicism re-energizes the HREmpire • This draws Protestant help from Denmark... • But they are pushed back by the success of Maximillien... • Remember Ferdinand III...Holy Roman Emperor...ardent Catholic? • He uses the Mercenary Albrecht of Wallenstein to crush Denmark...

  10. Thirty Years War: Key Moment...

  11. Thirty Years War: Swedish Period • Gustavus Adolphus – Lutheran Leader takes up the cause... • Supported by French Cardinal Richelieu (Remember...anything Pro-French = Anti-Hapsburg = Spain) • Supported by the Dutch (Remember the Spanish Campaigns in the Netherlands?)

  12. Thirty Years War • Remember Wallenstein? • He was the one, the mercenary, who fought for the Catholics... • Very successful... • Ferdinand (Catholic HRE) has him assassinated!!! • Why? Wallenstein was looking out for his own interests • And, this shows you Ferdinand was focused not exactly on Religious issues.

  13. Thirty Years War: Treaty of Westphalia • Rescinds Edict of Restitution • Re-asserts the Peace of Augsburg • Calvinism is made legal • Swiss Confederacy and United Provinces of the Netherlands are now Independent (both Protestant) • France and Spain finally stop their fighting by 1559 • Long-Term Impact???

  14. Thirty Years War: Looking Ahead • These German state remain fragmented. • Central Europe will not have any real “states” for centuries later... • While, in more Western Europe, centralized nation States like France and England will dominate the landscape for Centuries.

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