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Writing Protocols and Science Experiments → Getting Started

Writing Protocols and Science Experiments → Getting Started. SCIENCE JOURNAL. A science journal is a written record of ideas and work. Writing is concise, clear, and reflects events and problem solving.

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Writing Protocols and Science Experiments → Getting Started

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  1. Writing Protocols and Science Experiments → Getting Started

  2. SCIENCEJOURNAL A science journal is a written record of ideas and work. Writing is concise, clear, and reflects events and problem solving. • Pages are bound and numbered front and back consecutively (with no skipped pages or lines). • All entries are dated and in pencil (no erasures; changes are crossed out with a single line). • Sketches are detailed and to scale. Always avoid personalizing (do not use “I”, “my”, “we”, “our”, they, etc.) and write in the present tense throughout all presented work.

  3. QUESTION The question and/or problem is thoughtful and relevant to observations and leads directly to predictions. A clear explanation for why a question has been chosen for study is presented. The question or problem selected for investigation: • describes observations • analyzes observations • leads to further observations • leads to reasonable prediction

  4. HYPOTHESIS The hypothesis is a statement reflecting the observations. • Predictions result from the hypothesis. • The hypothesis always states or infers why and is a clearly testable statement that relates the independent variable (what is changed) to the dependent variable (resulting data).

  5. LITERATURE REVIEW Background information on the topic is organized to present published information relevant to the experiment.

  6. MATERIALS The correct tools, equipment, and materials are selected to collect accurate data.

  7. PROCEDURE The procedure or method is the sequence followed in the experiment. It is clear enough so that another person can carry out the experiment. • The control, the independent variable, and measurement of the dependent variable are clear. • Strategy for repeated trials and reduction of error are discussed. • Appropriate lab safety procedures are identified.

  8. DATA The data table: • has a concise and accurate title • shows the units of measurement (always metric) • indicates accuracy appropriate to the equipment used • clearly shows the independent variable and dependent variable • has the appropriate number of significant figures • is organized for showing multiple trials

  9. GRAPH The graph conveys accurate information in an easy to understand and interesting way. The graph: • has a title stating the relationship between the axes • has appropriate starting points and intervals for each axis • has axes correctly labeled • has a clear key • color, texture, or labels are used to enhance understanding

  10. ANALYSIS The analysis includes all data and is accurate and thoughtful. The analysis: • correctly uses the appropriate mathematical procedures • makes use of all data • includes appropriate statistical procedures The following link provides an easy to follow interactive tutorial on basic statistical calculations: http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/measures/index.html

  11. RESULTS Results give a written interpretation of the data. • The results state what the data shows. • The relationship between the independent (manipulated) and dependent (resulting) variable is stated.

  12. CONCLUSION The conclusion states whether or not the hypothesis is supported by the data. Inferences made are based on the data analysis.

  13. NEXT TIME Strengths and weaknesses are identified. Strategies for reducing errors are suggested. Questions arising for future investigation are identified.

  14. BIBLIOGRAPHY The bibliography cites all sources of information (topic area and experimental). The following link contains a wizard for constructing the bibliography quickly and accurately: http://www.noodletools.com User name: leonschools Password: leon

  15. Science Fair Competition Experiments intended for science fair competition require: 1) PROJECT DATA BOOK (Science Journal) 2) ABSTRACT (see rules andform at link below) 3) RESEARCH PAPER 4) VISUAL DISPLAY http://www.sciserv.org.isef

  16. Research Paper Includes: • Title Page • Table of Contents • Introduction (hypothesis, explanation for why project selected, and what is hoped to be achieved) • Method (detailed explanation of how data is collected, how observations are made, photos, sketches, etc.) • Discussion (discussion of results and conclusions obtained from data; discussion of comparisons to theoretical values, published data, and/or expected results; discussion of possible errors, and discussion of future experiments) • Conclusion (specific summary of results) • Acknowledgements (credit given to individuals and institutions that assisted) • References/Bibliography (documentation of any unoriginal information presented) • Copies of all required intel/ISEF forms athttp://www.sciserv.org/isef

  17. Visual Display The visual display permits anyone (including judges) to understand the project without further explanation. It is logical and eye-catching. (see display and safety regulations at link below) The visual display includes: • Title • Photographs • Experiments • Results • Conclusions http://www.sciserv.org/isef

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