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Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Response to Blood Pressure Changes

This chapter explores the mechanisms involved in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body in response to changes in blood pressure. It covers topics such as water balance, sodium balance, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, atrial natriuretic peptide, acid/base homeostasis, and kidney function in balancing hydrogen ions.

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Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Response to Blood Pressure Changes

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  1. Chapter 20 Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

  2. Response to decreased or elevated Blood Pressure Figure 20-1: Integrated responses to changes in blood volume and blood pressure

  3. Body Water Balance • Drinking & eating provides water • Kidney conserves water so output = intake Figure 20-2: Water balance in the body

  4. Body Water Balance Figure 20-3: Role of the kidneys in water balance

  5. Water Balance Reflex: Regulators of Vasopressin Release Figure 20-7: Factors affecting vasopressin release

  6. Sodium Balance: Intake & Excretion Figure 20-11: Homeostatic responses to eating salt

  7. Angiotensin Pathway: Maintains BP , Volume & Osmolarity Angiotensinogen, ANGI, ANG II, rennin, & ACE Figure 20-13: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway

  8. Artial Naturetic Peptide: Regulates Na+ & H2O Excretion Figure 20-15: Atrial natriuretic peptide

  9. Response to Dehydration & Osmolarity Imbalance Figure 20-17 : Homeostatic compensation for severe dehydration

  10. Acid/Base Homeostasis: Overview • Acidosis:  plasma pH • Protein damage • CNS depression • Alkalosis:  plasma pH • Hyperexcitability • CNS & heart • Buffers: HCO3- & proteins • H+ input: diet & metabolic • H+ output: lungs & kidney

  11. Acid/Base Homeostasis: Overview Figure 20-18: Hydrogen balance in the body

  12. Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Collecting Duct • Type A Intercalated cells excrete H+ absorb HCO3- • Type B intercalated cells absorb H+ secrete HCO3-

  13. Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Collecting Duct Figure 20-22: Role of the intercalated cell in acidosis and alkalosis

  14. Classifications of Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease.

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