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Basic Astronomy

Basic Astronomy. Ch. 27-3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System. On page 65: fold page in ½ make 4 doors. Objectives: Identify the relative positions and motions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon Describe the phases of the Moon. Distinguish between solstices and equinoxes.

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Basic Astronomy

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  1. Basic Astronomy

  2. Ch. 27-3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System • On page 65: fold page in ½ make 4 doors. • Objectives: • Identify the relative positions and motions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon • Describe the phases of the Moon. • Distinguish between solstices and equinoxes. • Explain eclipses of the Sun and Moon.

  3. 4 Types of Earth Motion 1. Galactic/ Cosmic Year: The length of time it takes solar system to circle around the Milky Way approximately 225,000,000 years Milky Way Galaxy We are located in a spur off the minor Sagittarius Arm. Our local region of the galaxy is typically known as the Orion Arm

  4. 4 Types of Earth Motion 2. Precession of Axis or "Wobble" effect: approx. 26,000 years • Polaris is our current North Celestial Pole Star. • 13,000 = Pole Star will be bright star of Vega , in Lyra constellation • 26,000 years = Polar Star will be Polaris again

  5. 4 Types of Earth Motion 3. Revolution: Earth takes 365 days 5 hours 43 minutes or 365 1/4 days to revolve around the sun. This gives us our "year".

  6. 4 Types of Earth Motion 4. Rotation: Gives us our "day". Sidereal Day: Earth’s rotation in relationship to a star. Sidereal day is 23 hrs 56 min 4.1 sec. long Solar Day: Earth’s rotation in relationship to the sun. Solar day is 24 hours long.

  7. Seasons

  8. Seasons Summer Solstice: Longest day of the year in Northern Hemisphere is June 21. Sun tracks as far north as Tropic of Cancer 23 1/2° N of equator Fall Equinox: Equal day/night. Sun tracking over celestial equator, Sept. 21.

  9. Seasons Winter Solstice: Shortest day of the year in Northern Hemisphere, Dec. 21. Sun tracks as far South as Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2° S of equator. Spring Equinox: Equal day/night. Sun tracking over celestial equator, March 21. 

  10. Phases of the Moon Moon is directly between the Sun and Earth. Far side is lighted. Near side is dark. We see the dark side. • NEW MOON • WAXING CRESCENT • FIRST QUARTER A sliver of moon's near side is lighted. Lighted semi-circle. 1/2 of moon is lighted. We see only a 1/4 of it.

  11. Phases of the Moon

  12. Lunar month vs. lunar day Add this one tab foldable to the top of page 69 . Add what is below under the tab. Describe a lunar month vs. a lunar day. Lunar month = New Moon to New Moon. Also called a synodic month = 29.5 days A lunar day is 27.3 days long. This is the time it takes for the moon to return to the same spot in the sky relative to the stars. Also called a sidereal month.

  13. Moon’s orbit Describe the Moon’s orbit around Earth. Add this one tab foldable to the top of page 69 . Add what is below under the tab. The Moon’s orbit forms an ellipse, an elongated circle. Apogee: Moon is farthest away from Earth Perigee: Moon is closest to Earth.

  14. Eclipses

  15. Solar Eclipse

  16. Annular Eclipse

  17. Lunar Eclipse

  18. HOMEWORK:

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