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Participatory GIS & Participatory Mapping – Uses and Applications

Participatory GIS & Participatory Mapping – Uses and Applications. Applications: Land & Resource Claims Community NRM & Local Planning Promoting Equity Conflict Management Cultural Historical Identity. P-GIS Applications. v  Claiming land and resource rights & entitlements,

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Participatory GIS & Participatory Mapping – Uses and Applications

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  1. Participatory GIS & Participatory Mapping – Uses and Applications Applications: Land & Resource Claims Community NRM & Local Planning Promoting Equity Conflict Management Cultural Historical Identity

  2. P-GIS Applications • v Claiming land and resource rights & entitlements, • Community management (& planning) of lands & NR, • v Promoting equity (ethnicity, culture, gender, environmental justice, etc.), • v Conflict management (amongst communities, between communities & higher-level forces), • v Cultural historical identity building & awareness.

  3. ´Claiming Our Land´ - Demarcating Customary Lands & Traditional Boundaries • Identify areas of Use and Occupancy • Priorities for Claims • Evaluation of Scenarios – of alternative land management • Prep. for Court Procedures – rigour, accuracy, appearance

  4. GIS & Maps in Land Claims • “A map is likely to enhance a court’s understanding, synthesis, and resolution of a land dispute” • “GIS [is] a useful tool in bridging the gap between traditional landscape images and the demand for formal cartographic representations of land necessary for land claim negotiation.” • “the key text for modern states to take over resource tenure is the map”

  5. Maps and Land Titling - a Warning • “ .. mapping of land titling oversimplifies overlapping claims from different family members and reduces them to simplistic 2-D space of ‘household title’ – • leads to exclusion, dispossession, & conflicts” • (Ganjanapan 1994)

  6. Respect for People’s Land RightsConcepts of Land • ISK as symbolic, emotional, and visionary knowledge – • Cultural, historical, & spiritual values of land. • Land in the stewardship of people. • Land determines activity spaces and responsibility spaces.

  7. Representing land tenure

  8. ISK / ITK - Indigenous (Spatial) Technical Knowledge • IK and scientific knowledge are not always so different. • ITK/ISK maybe more accurate because embodies generations of practical knowledge, and works in interactive, holistic systems. • Examples: • Interpret satellite images of land capability with Bedu shepherds Jordan (Patrick 2002); • ITK of grazing lands in Burkina Faso (Sedogo 2002); • Australia: mapping ITK of valuable vegetation types • Senegal River valley: comparison farmers’ & scientific soil classifications (Tabor & Hutchinson 1994);

  9. Mapping Local Urban Resources

  10. Equity & Legitimacy - Gendered Space • Spatial knowledge is a form of • power over space and power over behaviour. • Gendered spaces are different in character and value and use. • Women’s space may be very restricted • (due to culture, or danger) • Women’s space may not be visible, nor easily transferable to GIS

  11. Poverty & Conservation Sketch Map, Mali village

  12. Children´s Map of Beacon Park

  13. P-GIS in Conflict Management • Conflict mapping • Fuzzy and flexible boundaries, • Conflicts over land, land resources, access to resources, ownership of resources, • Or, conflicts between different forms of ownership or entitlements • Counter mapping

  14. Cultural-Historical Identity >Building the Community • Promote Community awareness • Cultural Historical Knowledge > local history • Community development of GIS strengthened Ifugao historical cultural consciousness and prepared for negotiations. • Sacred Lands • Land for the Ancestors

  15. Mental Maps – Los Angeleswhite elite, black, hispanic

  16. Rosario, Argentina

  17. Community Green Map, James Bay

  18. Bostonian´s Image

  19. New Yorker´s Image of the USA

  20. Jefferson City - watersheds

  21. Ownership of Spatial Data • gathering, hunting, fishing, grazing, woodfuel • waterholes. • boundaries of culture areas, clans, tribes. • customary property demarcations within a cultural boundary, e.g. by clan, lineage, household, • historic places • ancestral grounds, sacred areas, buried art • indigenous place names, cosmological (creation) locations.

  22. Maori Indigenous Values of Land (Harmsworth)

  23. How is Ownership protected? • concealed files linked to GIS • overlay only at a crude scale • hyperlink to an accepted authority figure

  24. Questions of ownership (Rambaldi) • Who decides on what is “important”? • Who owns • the pictorial language, • its graphic vocabulary and • the resulting message? • Who owns the Legend?

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