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Ch. 38 – Echinoderms

Ch. 38 – Echinoderms. Phylum: Echinodermata Sea stars, sand dollars, brittle stars, & sea cucumbers Marine Usually 5 arms  pentaradial No circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems Water-vascular system Tube feet that aid in movement Video Video.

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Ch. 38 – Echinoderms

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  1. Ch. 38 – Echinoderms • Phylum: Echinodermata • Sea stars, sand dollars, brittle stars, & sea cucumbers • Marine • Usually 5 arms  pentaradial • No circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems • Water-vascular system • Tube feet that aid in movement • Video • Video

  2. Most invertebrates have an exoskeleton to support them . Echinoderms have an endoskeleton, which is a skeleton within the body. • This is why echinoderms are thought to be closer related to vertebrates.

  3. 5 Classes of Echinoderms • 1. Ophiuroidea  brittle stars & basket stars • 2. Crinoidea  sea lilies & feather stars • 3. Holothuroidea  sea cucumbers • 4. Echinoidea  sand dollars & sea urchins • 5. Asteroidea  starfish & sea stars

  4. Class: Ophiuroidea • Brittle stars • Gets it name brittle because its has long, thin arms and are constantly breaking off and regenerating. • Pg 783

  5. Class: Crinoidea • Sea lilies & feather stars • Sessile • Pg. 782

  6. Class: Holothuroidea • Sea cucumber • Soft body • If threatened the sea cucumber may eject their organs out of their body at the predator – called eviscerate. They then regenerate their organs. • Video- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCxKFc3XtJs • Pg. 784

  7. Class: Echinoidea • Sand dollars & sea urchins • They have an Aristotle’s lantern, which is a jaw-like structure for grinding their food. • Sea urchins have long spines with sometimes venom for protection • Sand dollars are about the size of a silver dollar.

  8. Class: Asteroidea (sea star) • Body Structure (external) • Aboral surface  Madreporite is located (top side) • Oral surface  mouth is located (bottom side) • Ossicles  calcium spines • Pedicellarie  tiny little pinchers that clean the body surface so debris doesn’t collect. • Video

  9. Water- Vascular System • Used to create movement • Enters the madreporite  stone canal  ring canal  5 radial canals lateral canal  the tube feet (100s of tube feet), have ampulla (air sacs), that act like a pipette and release the water with pressure. Pg. 786

  10. Body Systems • No circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems. • Each arm has an eyespot at the end, which senses light and touch. • Digestion  They have digestive glands. Their tube feet are strong enough to open clams & mussels.

  11. Reproduction  Each arm of the sea star has 2 gonads that produce eggs and sperm cells. They are hermaphrodites. • Sea stars can regenerate lost parts. A new sea star can regenerate from a segment of an arm as long as it has part of the ring canal attached.

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