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Evolution of Regional Pattern and Disparities of China’s Human Development (1982-2003)

IDEAS Shanghai Conference. Evolution of Regional Pattern and Disparities of China’s Human Development (1982-2003). Hu Angang Center for China Studies Tsinghua University Aug.26-27 th , 2006. Main Problems.

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Evolution of Regional Pattern and Disparities of China’s Human Development (1982-2003)

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  1. IDEAS Shanghai Conference Evolution of Regional Pattern and Disparities of China’s Human Development (1982-2003) Hu Angang Center for China Studies Tsinghua University Aug.26-27th, 2006

  2. Main Problems • How about China’s regional human development when studied by international comparison? • What progress have various regions in China made over the past two decades? • How has the regional pattern of China’s human development evolved? • How have the regional disparities changed in terms of item-by-item factors and in HDI? • Do they have similar significant disparities just like the economic development (income) among the eastern, middle and western parts of the country?

  3. Agenda • Historical trend of China’s human development • Standards for classifying regional pattern of human development • Evolution of the regional pattern of China’s human development • Regional disparities evolution of China’s human development factors and HDI (health, education & income disparities) • Conclusions and Discussion

  4. Historical trend ofChina’s Human Development • China is the most populous country in the world and also one of the poorest. Yet, it has, over the past century, especially over the past more than 20 years since reform and opening up, not only created economic miracles but also made big progress in human development.

  5. Historical trend ofChina’s Human Development • Not only has China’s tremendous achievements in human development been attractive to the world but also its regional disparities in human development. • In general, China has achieved astonishing achievements in human development since reform and opening up, but there are still significant regional disparities.

  6. UNDP’ s Classification • High level (HDI≥0.80), • Medium level (0.80>HDI≥0.50) • Low level (HDI<0.50)

  7. “Four Worlds” Classification

  8. Evolution of the Regional Pattern

  9. Evolution of the Regional Pattern

  10. Evolution of the Regional Pattern 1982 2003

  11. Evolution of the Regional Pattern

  12. Regional Disparities in Human Development

  13. Source of regional disparities • Health: life expectancy at birth • Education: adult literacy ratio and gross enrollment • Income: per capita GDP

  14. Health: life expectancy at birth

  15. Education: adult literacy ratio

  16. Education: gross enrollment

  17. Income: per capita GDP

  18. Human development index (HDI)

  19. Source of regional disparities

  20. Conclusions and Discussion • The rising human development level is attributable to the steady rise in human development levels in various regions. China’s regional development has been quite uneven since reform and opening up. • In 1982-2003, the regional disparities in China’s economic development experienced a narrowing-enlarging process while the regional disparities in health and education have been narrowing to varying degrees and so have the disparities in HDI.

  21. Conclusions and Discussion • Target of China’s well-off society: when China’s GDP per capita reaches the average level of the world, HDI should reach a high human development level and about 70% of the people entering the “1st world”, 20% in the “2nd world” and no people would be in the “3rd world”. • China’s development model: the income per capita is relatively lower than that of developed countries, but the living of the people have reached a fairly high human development level.

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