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Petroleum, NASA, and a 21 st Century Oil Spill Response

Petroleum, NASA, and a 21 st Century Oil Spill Response.

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Petroleum, NASA, and a 21 st Century Oil Spill Response

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  1. Petroleum, NASA, and a 21st Century Oil Spill Response Ira Leifer1, Rob Green2, Randy Albertson3, Eliza Bradley1, Roger Clark4, Philip Dennison5, Michael Eastwood2, Michael Goodman3, Anthony Guillory3, Todd Hoefen4, Ray Kokaly4, Bill Lehr6, Scott Matheson5, Ian McCubbin7, Elijah Ramsey4, Dar Roberts1, Gregg Swayze4, Bruce Tagg3, Susan Ustin8, and the AVIRIS team

  2. Heterogeneity of Oil Ecosystem Impact flattened AP Photo/Gerald Herbert

  3. Species Type 90% accurate Scientific Basis: Vegetation Ecosystem Properties with Spectroscopy Species Fractional Cover (Quercus agrifolia) Full spectrum measurement (380- 2500 nm) allows derivation of vegetation species and functional type and physiological condition Dennison and Roberts, 2003, Remote Sens. Environ.

  4. thanks to the dedicated NASA-led interagency team and no small amount of weather (clouds) luck Most vulnerable coastline (including calibration sites) surveyed with acceptable to zero cloud cover, including oil slick imaging.

  5. May 2010 AVIRIS Collection with ER-2 May 6 May 10 May 11 May 13 May 17 May 18 May 19 May 20 May 23 May 24 May 25

  6. July 2010 AVIRIS Collection with Twin Otter May 6 May 10 May 11 May 13 May 17 May 18 May 19 May 20 May 23 May 24 May 25

  7. May-Sept. 2010 AVIRIS Collection!!! May 6 May 10 May 11 May 13 May 17 May 18 May 19 May 20 May 23 May 24 May 25 0.3 trillion m2 mapped in 4 billion pixels over 38 flight days

  8. Which coastal vegetation types/communities are most heavily impacted by oil? Can oil in the canopy understory be detected directly (i.e., due to its spectroscopic signature) or only indirectly by vegetation stress indicators? Given different mitigation strategies, what are the most effective in reducing adverse oil impacts? Can knowledge of past distribution of plant types/communities aid recovery and remediation efforts and/or aid in targeting priority sites for recovery efforts? Key Scientific Coastal Ecosystem Questions

  9. Pre-Oil Ecosystem Ground Measurements

  10. AVIRIS flight coverage in May and location of field sites Oil impacted Spartina alternifolia in Barataria Bay

  11. AVIRIS ecosystem species mapping Wetland Dominants Species Dominants: NW R13 1650, 830, 677 RGB • Developed a spectral library using USGS CRMS sites • Selected optimal endmembers and mapped with MESMA the wetland dominants • Four species mapped included two spartina, aphragmites, and a distichlis

  12. Wetland Dominants Species Dominants: SE R13 1650, 830, 677 RGB • Spartina more dominant towards Northwest • Phragmites dominates towards southeast • Distichlis is abundant in zones with high reflectance due to low stature

  13. AVIRIS Ecosystem Impact: First Results

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