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Energy and Ecology

Energy and Ecology. Ecosystem Components. Producers Basis of an ecosystem’s energy Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use minerals from deep-sea vents to make energy Consumers Heterotrophs: Consumes others for energy

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Energy and Ecology

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  1. Energy and Ecology

  2. Ecosystem Components • Producers • Basis of an ecosystem’s energy • Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars • Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use minerals from deep-sea vents to make energy • Consumers • Heterotrophs: Consumes others for energy • Omnivores, herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, detritivores

  3. Trophic Levels 4.5897 kcal • Defined: Feeding level of an ecosystem • Trophic levels consist of producers, consumers, and decomposers • ~10% of energy is passed to the next level • ~90% used by the organism • Few trophic levels 45.897 kcal 458.97 kcal 4589.7 kcal 45,897 kcal

  4. Defined: Organisms that create their energy through photosynthesis • AKA: Autotrophs • Convert sunlight into glucose (sugar) • Bottom of food chain (1st trophic level) • Ex: Plants, Algae, Cyanobacteria Producers

  5. Primary Consumers • Defined: Organisms that feed on producers • 2nd trophic level • Herbivores (eat plants)

  6. Secondary Consumers • Defined: Organisms that feed on 1° consumers • 3rd trophic level • Carnivores (eat meat) & Omnivores (eat meat & plants)

  7. Tertiary Consumers • Defined: Organisms that feed on 2° consumers • 4th trophic level • Carnivores and omnivores

  8. Decomposers • Break down matter and return nutrients to the soil • Detritivores: Feed & consume dead matter • Ex: vultures • Ex: Bacteria, Fungi

  9. Name the trophic levels in this food pyramid tertiary consumer secondary consumer primary consumer producer

  10. Food Webs • Defined: Group of interrelated food chains • Arrows show direction energy (nutrients) travel

  11. Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer producer

  12. Quaternary consumer Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer producer

  13. Kobe Kuiz • How many trophic levels are in the following food chain? Apple tree  Worms  Blue Jay  Owl • If the tree in the example above makes 15,000 calories of energy from photosynthesis, how much energy is available for each other trophic level? • In the food chain above, which is the producer? • In the food chain above, which is the primary consumer? • In the food chain above, which is the tertiary consumer? • Which level consumer are herbivores known as? • What is the lowest consumer level possible for a carnivore? • Examine the food web on slide #10. Find a complete food chain that is 6 trophic levels from start to finish.

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