History of the IBO

1. History of the IBO International Baccalaureate Organization

2. The rise of the International School International schools - emerged in various countries for expatriate populations: UN agencies and international companies - market-driven, ideologically-driven 1924 - International School of Geneva: ILO, League of Nations - Yokohama International School 1947 - United Nations International School (UNIS), New York 1962 - Atlantic College, Wales: (United World College)

3. Early Calls for an International Diploma/Curricula 1925 - maturité internationale, Adolphe Ferrière, International School of Geneva 1946 - a UNESCO international diploma: Collège Cévénol and French Minister for Education, André Philip 1949 - Conference of internationally-minded schools (CIS), convened by UNESCO: international diploma 1950 - Course for teachers interested in international education (organised by CIS) 50 participants from 17 countries including Australia, Ceylon, India, Pakistan, USA: First “definition” of international education 1951 - International Schools Association (ISA) established by parents (International School of Geneva) employed in the UN organizations Russell Cook (WHO), Chair 1952 - 1970 1959 - European Baccalaureate and mobility (first European schools created 1957) 1962- dawning of the IB Diploma Programme at the I.S. of Geneva

4. Development of the IB Diploma Programme Why? - to provide a world perspective - to promote intercultural understanding - to develop international citizenship - to promote critical thinking skills - to facilitate access to higher education world wide Exploratory period1962-66 1962 - ISA conference of teachers of social studies in international schools, Geneva (Ecolint)   - Contemporary history syllabus and exam developed (Leach)   - report of the ISA consultant Bob Leach : “international baccalaureate” 1964 - 74: curriculum development and student assessment work - 58 subject panel meetings 1964 - International Schools Examination Syndicate (ISES)

5. Development of the IB Diploma Programme • Trial examinations 1967-70 • 1967 - IB Office created (registered in 1968 in Geneva) • - first Council of Foundation meets • In 1968 the following schools participated in trial examinations: • Atlantic College, Wales • International School of Geneva • United Nations International School (UNIS), New York • International College, Beirut • International High School, Copenhagen • Iranzamin International School, Teheran • North Manchester High School for Girls • Experimental period 1970-76 • - first official examinations 1971 • - new sources of funding were needed to go beyond 1976 • - growth of schools: 12 in 1971 to 37 in 1976 

6. Development of the IB Diploma Programme • Experimental period 1970-76 • - first official examinations 1971 • - new sources of funding were needed to go beyond 1976 • - growth of schools: 12 in 1971 to 37 in 1976 • Standing Conference of Governments(SCG) • 1976 - first inter-governmental conference The Hague • 1978 - second inter-governmental conference London, after which SCG established; member governments gave an annual donation to the IBO • Heads Standing Conference (HSC) • 1977 - HSC formed in Geneva to seek annual contributions from IB schools

7. Development of the IB Diploma Programme Standing Conference of Governments(SCG) 1976 - first inter-governmental conference The Hague 1978 - second inter-governmental conference London, after which SCG established; member governments gave an annual donation to the IBO Heads Standing Conference (HSC) 1977 - HSC formed in Geneva to seek annual contributions from IB schools New programmes 1992 - Middle Years Programme (MYP) 1997 - Primary Years Programme (PYP)

8. Funding UNESCO - for initial meetings of the CIS (1949) and ISA (1951) - for a number of conferences to discuss international education, notably those of 1950 and 1962 in Geneva - through a series of contracts from 1964 to 1979, for the development of international curricula Total support over this period: US$ 40,000 Ford Foundation 1955 - development of international curricula at UNIS, US$85,000 1966 - US$ 300,000 to ISES 1968 - US$200,000 to IBO 20thC Fund 1964 - US$75,000 to ISES 1968 - US$75,000 to IBO

9. Funding Other donors1960s- 70sincluded: Dulverton Trust £12,000 x 6 years Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation US$12,000 x 3 years Wenner Gren Foundation US$6,000 x 3 years UK Dept. of Education and Science £4,800 x 4 years Shah of Iran US$100,000

10. Key People Desmond Cole-Baker - Director International School of Geneva (Ecolint), 1961 - 1968 John Goormaghtigh - Director of the European Office of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - Treasurer of ISA, 1957-62 - Chairman of the Board of the International School of Geneva, 1960-66  - Founding President of the IBO Council of Foundation, 1968-81 Bob Leach, Ruth Bonner, Gérard Renaud, Nansi Poirel - staff International School of Geneva (Ecolint) Alec Peterson - Director of Department of Education, Oxford University Oxford Research Unit, 1967-74

11. Key People Presidents of the Council of Foundation 1968 - 81 John Goormaghtigh 1981 - 84 Seydou Madani Sy 1984 - 90 Piet Gathier 1990 - 96 Thomas Hagoort 1996 - 97 Bengt Thelin 1997- 2003 Greg Crafter 2003 - Monique Seefried IB Organization Director Generals 1968 - 76 Alec Peterson 1977 - 83 Gérard Renaud 1983 - 98 Roger Peel 1998 - 99 Derek Blackman 1999 - 2005 George Walker 2006 - Jeffrey Beard