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Main Idea

This article explores the period of exile and return in Jewish history, including their time in Babylon, the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the temple, and their interactions with the Greeks and Romans. It also delves into the Jewish way of life, including their religious practices and customs.

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Main Idea

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  1. Main Idea Exile and Return The Jews continued their religion during exile in Babylon.

  2. Synagogues formed to give the people hope. Jews met on Sabbath. Babylonian Exile The Jews were forced to live in a foreign land. Jews prayed and discussed their religion

  3. Jews rebuilt Jerusalem and the temple. The Persians defeated the Chaldeans and under Cyrus let the Jews go back to Judah in 538 B.C. Leaders became Temple priests & scribes Cyrus appointed officials To rule the country and Collect taxes from the People.

  4. Cyrus the Great • A tolerant ruler  he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions. The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.” • (In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine). 580 – 529 B. C.

  5. The Persian Empire

  6. The Torah Under scribe Ezra, the five books to the Torah were written on parchment pieces sewn together to make long scrolls. Hebrew Bible has the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other books of Jewish history. Stories like Noah and the arc, tower of Babel to explain many languages

  7. Jerusalem: Studying the Torah

  8. The Torah Jews look to the future Parts contain prophecies for peaceful future. Ex. Daniel Daniel lived in Babylon and advised king. When he would not worship Babylonian gods, he was thrown into Lion’s Den Jew’s always reminded of God’s protection and plan.

  9. Isaiah Scroll

  10. Main Idea Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah. Jews and the Greeks

  11. 334 B.C.: Alex the Great Began conquest of the known world. 331 B.C.: Alexander defeated Persians and gained Control of Judah. Alex let them stay there but forced Greek cultureand beliefs on them.

  12. DIASPORA

  13. The Jewish Diaspora

  14. What happens After the Greeks Take control?

  15. “FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS”CELEBRATE IN DECEMBER Each year, Jews recall the cleansing of temple when they celebrate Hanukkah. Priests from the Maccabeus family ruled Judah and took over land that had been part of the Kingdom of Israel.

  16. Main Idea Jewish Way of LifeReligion shaped the Jewish way of life.

  17. Eventually the Maccabeus family lost power Jewish laws became important when they no longer had their own land and king.

  18. Family Life Jewish Diet http://www.jmberlin.de/ksl/infoblat/koscher/koscher_EN.php Jewish Clothing Sons carried name Fathers taught sons how to work and worship Elders taught Torah Mothers taught girls to be good wives and mothers Girls learned diet laws and about courageous women http://www.kashrut.com/articles/soul_food/ Only certain animals Only beef and lamb – NO PORK!! KASHRUT – laws about food Jews only eat kosher.***** No dairy with meat Law forbade mixing fabrics Men wore tunics of linen and cloaks Caps (yarmulkes) and sandals Women wore simple dresses and covered head

  19. Main Idea Jews and the RomansUnder Roman rule, Jews were divided and rebellious. Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.

  20. Romans: Conquered Judah in 63 B.C. Renamed The area Judaea At first Allowed Jewish Rulers to run Judaea

  21. Herod the Great’s Kingdom • BEST KNOWN FOR: • Cruelty and changes to temple. • King of Judaea when Jesus was born.

  22. Herod the Great’s Kingdom • AFTER HEROD’S DEATH: • Romans replaced Jewish king with a Roman governer. • Jewish factions formed splitting up power.

  23. Pharisees * taught Torah and how To apply to daily life * in synagogues * supported by Common people • Sadducees • Believed Torah • Applies to priests • in temple • Most were priests • And scribes Jewish factions • Essenes • Broke from temple • To live in desert • Praying and waiting • For God’s deliverance

  24. Dead Sea Scrolls Museum in Israel • Were probably written by Essenes • Dead Sea Scrolls were found in 1947

  25. The Essene Community at Qumran

  26. The Essene Ruins at Qumran

  27. The Essene Community at Qumran

  28. The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)

  29. Words to Know! Messiah – a deliverer sent by God Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom.

  30. JEWISH REVOLTS A.D. 132 another revolt Put down A.D. 66 Zealots drove Romans out But were Conquered Again 4 years Later. Romans killed Jews and Destroyed Temple. Romans drove Jews from Jerusalem and Renamed Judah Palestine.

  31. Masada: Never Again! The Jews vowed that they would never be slaves again and chose death over slavery. When surrounded by the Romans, they drew straws to choose who would put each one to death and then commit suicide before the Romans took the Masada. This way only one soul was lost. Roman Encampment

  32. Jews then had rabbis to be teachers of the Torah. Johanan ben Zakkai – a famous rabbi 1. After A.D. 70, he made sure study of the Torah continue. 2. Founded school in Palestine that became center of Torah studies for centuries.

  33. Rabbis combined teachings about Torah and the Torah into book called Talmud 2000 years – most Jews lived outside Palestine. 1948 – nation of Israel created.

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