Paragraph Reading Restatement and inference

1. Paragraph ReadingRestatement and inference ESL 1060

2. Restatement • Some sentences given will contain the same information that is in the paragraph; however, the information is presented in a different way. • Look for: Synonyms, key words, pronouns

3. Inference • This type of statement is a conclusion that can be drawn from the information explained in the paragraph. • Think about: what can you imagine are outcomes from the ideas presented in the paragraph

4. False statements & those not able to be determined • Some statements might simply be false based on the information in the paragraph. • For some statements, it cannot be determined whether they are true or false based on the information given.

5. Practice • Mapping the human genome opens a new era for medical science -- and a new frontier for political discrimination. New genetic research may make it possible to identify an individual's lifetime risk of cancer, heart attack, and other diseases. Experts worry that this information could be used to discriminate in hiring, promotions, or insurance. Employers and insurers could save millions of dollars if they could use preventative genetics to identify in advance, and then reject, workers or policy applicants who are predisposed to develop chronic disease. Thus, genetic discrimination could join the list of other forms or discrimination: racial, ethnic, age, and sexual. • Information obtained by mapping a person's genome will automatically be provided to their employers and insurance companies. • Chronic disease costs employers and insurers millions of dollars. • Genetic research will reduce the risk of cancer in an individual's lifetime.

6. Practice • Some people feel very nervous when they try something new. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety when attempting to do something they've never done before. A number of reasons can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of new experiences: early childhood experiences, a need for security, the amount of trust they have in others, etc. However, the most important reason seems to be a need to be in control. As a result, when doing something new, people often tell jokes or laugh in order to relieve their nervousness and to feel in control of a new situation. Unfortunately, sometimes people also become loud and aggressive when they're nervous, and the jokes they tell may be cruel or offensive. Many psychologists believe that making someone else the target of cruel jokes is another way that people try both to control their nervousness and to feel in control. • Laughter may help someone feel that they can handle a new situation. • People do many things to feel in control; sometimes we make fun, and sometimes we make fun of others. • Laughter is too often cruel, and jokes are usually offensive. • Being in control is important to people, and we do many things to feel in control.