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ormagi daniSnulebis bioeTikis zrda

ormagi daniSnulebis bioeTikis zrda. leqcia # 13. 1. mimoxilva. ormagi daniSnuleba , rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi slaidebi 2 – 3 ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi slaidebi 4 – 9 daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris slaidebi 10 – 12 gamafrTxilebeli principi

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ormagi daniSnulebis bioeTikis zrda

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  1. ormagi daniSnulebis bioeTikis zrda leqcia # 13

  2. 1. mimoxilva ormagidaniSnuleba, rogorceTikurisakiTxi slaidebi 2 – 3 ormagidaniSnulebismecnierebasTanasocirebulimovaleobebi slaidebi 4 – 9 daZabulobasargebelsadariskisanalizsSoris slaidebi 10 – 12 gamafrTxilebeliprincipi slaidebi 13 – 16 samecnieropublikaciebisadausafrTxoebisdebuleba slaidebi17 - 18 gadawyvetilebismiRebaormagidaniSnulebisdilemebisaTvis slaidebi 19 - 20

  3. 2. ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi (i) ormagidaniSnulebisdilemawamoiWrebabiologiurdasxvamecnierebebSikvleviskonteqstSi, rogorcimfaqtisSedegi, rodesacsamecnierokvleviserTidaigivenawilsaqvspotencialigamoyenebuliyosrogorczianis, asevesargeblismosatanad.

  4. 3. ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi (ii) ormagi daniSnuleba warmoSobs eTikur SekiTxvas: unda viqonioT Tu ara agenti, romelic moralurad aris pasuxismgebeli im qmedebis Sedegebze, rodesac es Sedegebi mosalodneli ar iyo, da, rodesa, zog SemTxvevaSi, agentis kontrols scdeboda? is gvekiTxeba, aris Tu ara piri moralurad dakavSirebuli upirates gafrTxilebasTan Tavidan aicilos arasasurveli momavali Sedegebi.

  5. 4. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi(i) zianis ar-miyenebis bioeTikuri principis (valdebulebis, rom ar daazianoT) ambobs, rom zianis ar miyeneba exeba ara marto gamiznul qmedebebs, aramed zianis riskis Seqmnasac. amrigad, individebma SeiZleba miayenon ziani an daayenon riskis qveS meore adamiani boroti ganzraxvebis gareSe – da, Sesabamisad, moralurad iyvnen amaze pasuxismgebeli.

  6. 5. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi(ii) arsebobszianisarmiyenebisvaldebulebisxuTikriteriumi. mkvlevarebiundacdilobdnen, romarmiayenonziani, racniSnavs: - TavisiprofesiulipasuxismgeblobisfarglebSi - TavisiprofesiuliunarebisdaSesaZleblobebisfarglebSi - gaazrebuladganWvretadiriski - proporciuladufrodidi, vidresargebeli - sxvasaSualebebiTufroadviladmiRwevaarSeiZleba.

  7. 6. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (iii) avtorebigvTavazobenSemdegeTikurvaldebulebebs: - moaxdinonbioterorizmisprevencia - CaerTonbioteroristuliSetevebissapasuxosaqmianobaSi - gansazRvronTavisikvlevebisuaryofiTizemoqmedeba - argamoaqveynon an gaaJReronmgrZnobiareinformacia - gaakontrolondaSezRudonsaSisimasalebisxelmisawvdomoba - moaxsenonsaeWvoqmedebebisSesaxeb

  8. 7. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (iv) avtorebi askvnian, rom: “ufro gaazrebuli valdebulebebi aris movaleobebi gaiTvaliswinon kvlevis potenciuri uaryofiTi ganviTareba, daicvan mgrZnobiare masalis, teqnologiisa da codnis xelmisawvdomoba, da moaxsenon saeWvo qmedebebis Sesaxeb. pasuxismgebloba agreTve moicavs valdebulebas Tavidan aicilon mosalodneli da maRali albaTobis ziani.”

  9. 8. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (v) “aq sakiT xi dgas ara imaSi, ramdenadaa mecnieri pasuxismgebeli Tavisi qmedebis mosalodnel Sedegebze, aramed ramdenadaa is pasuxismgebeli Tavisi kvlevis Sedegebis ganWvretaze, maT prevenciaze, da agreTve Zalisxmevaze iwinaswarmetyvelos amgvari Sedegebi.”

  10. 9. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (vi) esavtorigvTavazobs, romzogadimovaleobebiarSedisormagdaniSnulebaSi, racarisdamRupveli, daramdenadackontrolirebadia, saWiroebsdaxmarebasmisprevenmciaSi. amasmivyevarTufrospecifiurmovaleobebamde, racmoicavs: - arawarmoonromelimegarkveulitipiskvleva - sistematiuradgaiTvaliswinonormagidaniSnulebissakiTxebi, raTagafrTxildnenmaTgangamowveulizianisagan - auwyonoficialurpirebsamgvarisafrTxisSesaxeb - argaacnonSedegebisazogadoebas, saidumlodSeinaxonsaSiSimecnierulicodna

  11. 10. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (i) racdgasriskisqveS, arisakademiuriTavisuflebisdasamecnieroprogresisTavisuflebasazogadoebisuflebiswinaaRmdegardadgeskvlevisgamoriskisqveS.

  12. 11. daZabulobasargebelsadariskisanalizsSoris(ii) eTika moiTxovs davicvaT balansi uflebebsa da movaleobebs Soris. biologiur mecnierebebSi ormagi daniSnulebis kvlevebis eTikuri analizi cdilobs gazomos realuri da potenciuri sargebeli da riskebi, da am sargeblebisa da riskebis realuri da potenciuri recipientebi/ mtareblebi.

  13. 12. daZabulobasargebelsadariskisanalizsSoris(iii) “saRiazrispoziciamdgomareobsimaSi, rommiRweulundaiqnaskompromisierTismxrivgavrcelebisadamecnieruliprogresisuflebasadausafrTxoebis/sazogadoebrivijanmrTelobismoTxovnebsSoris, meoresmxriv. am TvalsazrisiTCvendrodadroundamogvindespataraSewirvebisgakeTebasazogadoebrivijanmrTelobisada/an usafrTxoebismxares, rodesacsaWiroamiviRoTudidesisargebelimecnierebaSiprogresismxridan; dazogjermaincundagvindodessulcotapataraSewirvebisgakeTeba, , rodesacsaWiroamiviRoTudidesisargebelimecnierebaSiprogresismxridansazogadoebrivijanmrTelobisda /an usafrTxoebisaTvis.”

  14. 13. gamafrTxilebeli principi (i) gamafrTxilebeli principi (gp) Sedgeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis principisagan, romelic exeba im SemTxvevebs, rodesac ucnobi albaTobiT SeiZleba warmoiSvas seriozuli gverdiTi movlenebi. gp-s fundamenturi mesiji aris, rom “zog SemTxvevaSi unda miviRoT SesaZlo saSiSroebis sawinaaRmdego zomebi maSinac ki, rodesac xelmisawvdomi mtkicebuleba ar adasturebs amgvari saSiSroebis arsebobas, rogorc mecnierul faqts'.

  15. 14. gamafrTxilebeliprincipi(ii) gamafrTxilebeli principi Cadebulia biologiuri dacvis mraval qcevis kodeqsSi. magaliTad, “yvela piri da instituti, romlebic CarTuli arian sasicocxlo mecnierebebis romelime aspeqtSi. . . unda ecados akrZalon ormagi daniSnulebis informaciis da codnis gavrceleba mxolod im pirebze, romelTa Sesaxebac aris seriozuli safuZveli sjerodeT, rom informacia an codna SeiZleba advilad iqnas gamoyenebuli bioterorizmis an ibologiuri saomari saSualebebisaTvis.”

  16. 15. gamafrTxilebeli principi (iii) arsebobsoTxiZiriTadikonceptualuriganzomileba, romlebicCveulebrivCndebagamafrTxilebeliprincipissxvadasxvaversiebSi: safrTxe, gaurkvevloba, direqtivadaqmedeba. amrigad: “Tukiarsebobs (1) safrTxe, romelic (2) gaurkvevelia, maSinzogierTi (3) qmedebaaris (4) savaldebulo”.

  17. 16. gamafrTxilebeli principi (iv) avtorebigvTavazobengamafrTxilebeliprincipsormagidaniSnulebisaTvis: “rodesacdasadacarsebobsseriozulidasafuZvlianieWvi, romkanonieradmiRebulibiologiurimasala, teqnologia an codnasasicocxlomecnierebebSiatarebssafrTxesadamianisJanmrTelobisadausafrTxoebisaTvis, samecnierosazogadoebavaldebuliaSeimuSavos, gaataros, damiiRosgamafrTxilebelizomebi am eWvissawinaaRmdegod.”

  18. 17. samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba (i) “CvenvaRiarebT, romSemTxveviTredaqtormaSeiZlebadaaskvnas, rompublikaciisSedegadpotenciurizianigadawonissazogadoebisaTvispotenciursargebels. amgvarpirobebSistatiaundagadakeTdes an saerTodarqveyndeba. JurnalebmadasamecnierosazogadoebebmaseiZlebaiTamaSosmniSvnelovanirolimkvlevarebismowodebaSigamoaqveynonTavisikvlevebisSedegebiise, rom is sazogadoebissargebelsmaqsimalursgaxdisdaminimumamdedaiyvansarasworadgamoyenebis risks.”

  19. 18. samecnieropublikaciebisadausafrTxoebisdebuleba(ii) “debulebaambobs, romzogjerredaqtoriiRebsgadawyvetilebasmgrZnobiarobisSesaxeb, magramaranairisafuZveliargvaqvsvifiqroT, romredaqtorebi, an saerTodsamecnierosazogadoeba am SemTxvevaSigansakuTrebiTkvalificirebuliarian, raTagansajonusafrTxoebisriskebi. am sakiTxebisgarkvevisdrosmniSvnelovania, TuramdenadundaiyvnenmTavroba, bioeTikisspecialistebida/an usafrTxoebisspecialistebiCarTulisamecnieromgrZnobiarobissakiTxebSi.”

  20. 19. gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis (i) - calkeuli mecnieris sruli avtonomia - instituciuri kontroli - instituciuri da samtavrobo kontrolis narevi - damoukidebeli avtoriteti - sruli samTavrobo kontroli

  21. 20. gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis (ii) bioeTikis mraval specialists miaCnia, rom mxolod Sereulma mmarTvelobam, romelic Sedgeba samecniero sazogadoebisagan samTavrobo struqturebTan erTad SeiZleba gadaWras ormagi daniSnulebis dilema. imis gadawyveta Tu vin aris pasuxismgebeli mocemul SemTxvevaSi, iqneba “konteqstidan gamomdinare”.

  22. sanimuSo SekiTxvebi • ratom aris ormagi daniSnuleba eTikuri problema? 2.romlebia eTikuri pasuxismgeblobebi, romlebsac eTikosebi aweseben im mecnierebisaTvis, romlebic ormagi daniSnulebis sakiTxebze muSaoben? eTanxmebiT Tu ara maT da tatom/ratom ara? 3. ra aris gamafrTxilebeli principebi da ra kavSirSia is ormag daniSnulebasTan? 4. ra variantebi arsebobs eTikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis ormagi daniSnulebis konteqstSi da romeli variantebia saukeTeso Tqvenis azriT?

  23. wyaroebi (slaidi 2) Miller, M., and Selgelid, M. (2007) Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Ethics 13(4). 523-580. Available from http://www.springerlink.com/content/n514272v537582vv/ (slaidi3) Kelley, M. (2006) Infectious Diseases Research and Dual-Use Risk, Virtual Mentor 8(4). 230-234. Available from http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2006/04/pfor1-0604.html (slaidi 5) Kuhlau, F., Eriksson, S., Evers, K., and Hoglund, A. (2008) Taking Due Care: Moral Obligations in Dual Use Research, Bioethics 22(9) 477-487. Available from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121452418/abstract (slaidi 8) Dando, M. R. (2009) ‘Bioethicists Enter the Dual-Use Debate’, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 20 April. Available from http://www.thebulletin.org/webedition/columnists/malcolmdando/bioethicists-enter-the-dual-use-debate

  24. Ehni, H-J. (2008). Dual Use and the Ethical Responsibility of Scientists Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 56(3) 147-152. Available from http://www.springerlink.com/content/vh61601545017112/ (slaidi 13) Kuhlau, F., Hoglund, A., Evers, K., and Eriksson, S. (2009) A Precautionary Principle for Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences, Bioethics, [Early View] Available from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122499297/abstract (slaidi 14) Somerville, M. A., and Atlas, R. A. (2005) Ethics: A Weapon to Counter Bioterrorism, Science 307(5717) 1881-1882. Available from http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5717/1881 (slaidi 17) Journal Editors and Authors Group. (2003) Uncensored Exchange of Scientific Results, PNAS 100(4) 1463-1464. Available from http://www.pnas.org/content/100/4/1464.full

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