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The 3 Major Religions of Southwest Asia

The 3 Major Religions of Southwest Asia. Judaism Christianity Islam. Judaism. Oldest of 3 Set of beliefs and laws of ancient Hebrews Its book is the Torah Waiting for leader called the messiah Abraham father of the Jews (sometime around 2000 – 1500 BCE) Born in Ur, present-day Iraq

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The 3 Major Religions of Southwest Asia

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  1. The 3 Major Religions of Southwest Asia • Judaism • Christianity • Islam

  2. Judaism • Oldest of 3 • Set of beliefs and laws of ancient Hebrews • Its book is the Torah • Waiting for leader called the messiah • Abraham father of the Jews (sometime around 2000 – 1500 BCE) • Born in Ur, present-day Iraq • Later moved to Canaan, present-day Israel • Promised Land to Abraham and descendants

  3. Judaism Continued Abraham on SmartBoard

  4. Judaism Continued • Abraham’s grandson Jacob (Isaac’s Son) had 12 sons • Jacob was later called Israel and his descendents are called Israelites • First Temple (about 950 BCE) in Jerusalem(most holy city for Jews) • Destroyed in 586 BCE by Babylonians • Jews sent out of Canaan, returned after 50 yrs.

  5. Judaism Continued • Diaspora = when a group of people move away from homeland to many different locations separately. • All of the world’s Jewish communities that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish Diaspora.

  6. Judaism Continued • Second Temple built around 515 BCE • On site of First Temple

  7. Judaism Continued • Plundered by invading Romans about 54 BC • King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans • Herod rebuilt the Second Temple in 20 BCE

  8. In 70 AD Romans destroyed Herod’s temple. • Western Wall—single remaining temple wall • Place of prayer for Jewish people • Jews moved away from the land again until • Modern state of Israel formed in 1948

  9. Judaism Continued

  10. Christianity • Around 30 CE (AD), a Jew named Jesus began preaching new ideas about Judaism. • Romans controlled the region. • The later title of Jesus Christ is a reference to the belief by his followers that he is the Jewish messiah. • Jewish leaders asked that Jesus be arrested. • Romans found him guilty of speaking against Jewish laws and sentenced him to death.

  11. Christianity Continued • Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on the Sunday (the Resurrection) after being crucified on Friday. • Jesus had 12 disciples (close followers).

  12. Christianity Continued • Paul, who never met Jesus, became the person who spread Jesus’ message around the world • Ephesus, Corinth, Rome and other cities Epistles (letters) that Paul wrote • Romans, I Corinthians, II Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, I Thessalonians, II Thessalonians, I Timothy, II Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Hebrews

  13. Christianity Continued • Roman authorities fought the growth of the Christianity. • Christians were often arrested and killed. • By early 4th century • Christianity may have reached members of the Roman emperor’s family • Roman emperor, Constantine (not a Christian) had his soldiers fight an important battle in 313 CE with a Christian symbol on their shields—his army won

  14. Christianity Continued • 325 CE, Constantine called meeting for all Christian leaders to meet in Nicea • 300 men attended • Discussed how Christianity should be practiced • Nicene Creed • Uniform statement of Christian doctrine • Catholic church formed (which means universal)

  15. Christianity Continued

  16. Islam • Prophet Muhammad, an Arab born in 570 CE, in Mecca (#1 city of Islam), Saudi Arabia • Merchant known as “Al-Amin,” the trustworthy one • According to Islamic tradition • In 610 CE while praying in a cave • Had vision of angel Gabriel and received messages from Allah (God in Arabic)

  17. Islam • Muhammed spread messages he received • Forced to flee Mecca for Medina (#2 city of Islam) in 622 CE • Flight known as the Hijrah • Islamic calendar begins on this date • By time he died in 632 CE, Islamic control of central Arabia was well underway

  18. Islam • Before 700 CE, Muhammad’s followers were fighting over his successor • Fight split Muslims into the Shi’a and the Sunni • Shi’a 10% (Muhammad’s cousin Ali) • Sunni 90% (Muhammad’s friend Abu Bakr)

  19. Islam • Five Pillars of Islam • Believe in only one God and Muhammad is his messenger. • Pray in direction of Mecca 5 times a day. • Donate money to the poor. • Fast during the month of Ramadan. • Make a journey, or hajj, to Mecca at least once

  20. Islam • Other rules • What Muslims are allowed to eat and drink (no pork) • Qur’an (Koran) is their sacred book • Jihad requires believers to meet the enemies of Islam in combat.

  21. Islam

  22. Islam

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