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Major Religions

Major Religions. Founded by Abraham 3,300+ years old, (1300 BCE) Origins in Mesopotamia Kingdom of Israel One god Sacred Writings: Torah Types of Judaism: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Number of followers today: 14 million. Judaism. Beliefs: 13 Principles of Faith God exists

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Major Religions

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  1. Major Religions

  2. Founded by Abraham • 3,300+ years old, (1300 BCE) • Origins in Mesopotamia • Kingdom of Israel • One god • Sacred Writings: Torah • Types of Judaism: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform • Number of followers today: 14 million Judaism

  3. Beliefs: 13 Principles of Faith • God exists • God is one and unique • God is incorporeal • God is eternal • Prayer is to be directed to God alone and to no other • The words of the prophets are true • Moses’ prophecies are true and he was the greatest prophet • The Written Torah (first 5 books of the Bible) and Oral Torah (found in the Talmud and other writings) were given to Moses • There will be no other Torah • God knows the thoughts and deeds of men • God will reward good and punish the wicked • The Messiah will come • The dead will be resurrected Judaism(cont’d)

  4. Founder: Jesus Christ, a Jewish carpenter • 2,000 years old (33 CE) • Origins in Palestine and Israel • One god • Sacred Writings: Bible • 41,000 denominations • 2.1 billion followers • 1.2 billion Catholics • 600-800 million Protestants • 230 million Eastern Orthodoxy Christianity

  5. Beliefs: • There is only one God • God is omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent • God is sovereign, holy, and just (righteous) • God is love, true, and spirit • God is the creator of everything that exists • God is infinite, eternal, and does not change • Jesus is the son of god and died for our sins • Those who reject Jesus Christ will go to hell Christianity(cont’d)

  6. Founded by Muhammed • 1,400 years old (622 CE) • Origins in Mecca, Saudi Arabia • One god • Sacred Writings: Koran • Types of Islam: Ahmadiyya, Shi’a, Sufism, and Sunni (vast majority) • 1.3 billion followers Islam

  7. Beliefs: Five Pillars • Profession of Faith • Prayer • Charitable giving • Fasting (dawn to sunset) during month of Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca once Islam(cont’d)

  8. No founder • 3,500 years or older (1,500 BCE) • Origins in India • Many gods: all gods and goddesses considered different forms of the Supreme Being • Vedas and Upanishads • No single belief system unites • 900 million followers Hinduism

  9. Beliefs: 1. Reincarnation means all living things in cycle of death and rebirth 2. Life ruled by laws of karma, means rebirth depends on behavior. Hinduism(cont’d)

  10. Founder: Siddharta Gautama (“the Buddha”), an Indian prince • 2,500+ years old (520 BCE) • Origins in Northeastern India • No gods, only enlightened beings (Buddhas) • Tripitaka, or “Three Baskets of Wisdom” • Fourth largest religion • 360 million followers Buddhism

  11. Beliefs • The Three Practices • Sila (Virtue), Samadhi (Meditation), Prajna (Enlightenment) • The Four Noble Truths • All suffer • Desire equals suffering • Desire can be overcome • The Eightfold Path (Middleway) • Path away from desire • Five Precepts • Do not harm or kill living things • Do not take things unless they are freely given • Lead a decent life • Do not speak unkindly or tell lies • Do not abuse drugs or drink alcohol Nirvana! Buddhism(cont’d)

  12. Founder: Confucious • 2,500 years old (500 BCE) • Origins in China • No god • Writings: Analects, The Five Classics, and the Four Books • 5 million followers Confucianism

  13. Beliefs: • The teachings of Confucius • Emphasizes mercy, social order, and fulfillment of responsibilities • Five Cardinal Relations • The Family is the center and comes before the individual • Central Ethical Principle, “Ren” • The Golden Rule • The Proper Way “Li” • Control of emotions, restraint, obedience Confucianism (Cont’d)

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