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RXTE and Magnetars: A unique story of success

RXTE and Magnetars: A unique story of success. C. Kouveliotou (NASA/MSFC) on behalf of the BATSE & GBM Magnetar teams. Memories – with poetic license …

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RXTE and Magnetars: A unique story of success

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  1. RXTE and Magnetars: A unique story of success C. Kouveliotou (NASA/MSFC) on behalf of the BATSE & GBM Magnetar teams

  2. Memories – with poetic license … • RXTE launched on 1995 December 30th – on 1995 September 30th BATSE triggered on the Bursting Pulsar. I called Jean at the Cape and asked for a pre-launch ToO…apparently the first for RXTE and most likely the first for any mission ever… • SGR J1806-20 became active on 1996 October 30th. We triggered the first SGR ToO with RXTE. • SGR Swift J1834.9-0846 triggered Swift on 2011 August 7. We triggered the last SGR ToO with RXTE.

  3. What did we know about SGRs before RXTE • Soft Burst emitters • Repeating sources (not catastrophic phenomena) • Two on the Galactic plane and one in LMC • Maybe a different flavor of GRBs associated with a neutron star, possibly highly magnetized (1979 March 5th event 8s pulsations; Paczynski 1995)

  4. What we know about SGRs after RXTE • 24 sources to date – six in 2008-2011 alone – • All but two (LMC, SMC) are MW sources • Discovered in X/-rays/radio; radio, optical and IR • observations - Short, soft repeated bursts • P = [2-11] s, P ~[10-11-10-13]s/s • τspindown(P/2 P)= 2-220 kyrs • B~[1-10]x1014 G (mean surface dipole field: 3.2x1019√PP) ; SGR J0418+5729: B<7.5 x 1012 G, SGR J1822.3-1606: B=2.8x1013 G • Luminosities range from L~1032–36 erg/s • No evidence for binarity • SNe associations

  5. 2008-2012: Good years for Magnetars! Fermi IPN Swift RXTE

  6. CRADLE: 10°>l >30° NEW Old source reactivation SGRs AXPs Kouveliotou et al. 2012

  7. WHAT MADE RXTE UNIQUE

  8. 1. VERY FAST RESPONSE • SGR J0501+4516 (22/8/2008) • RXTE ToO triggered ~4 hours after the first Swift trigger for 600 s • P = 5.769s ± 0.004 s was reported ~ 9 hoursafter the first Swift trigger! • SGR J0418+5729(5/6/2009) – • RXTE ToO triggered ~ 4 days after the GBM triggers • P = 9.0783(1) sec • SGR J1833-0832 (19/03/2010) • RXTE ToO triggered ~ 3.25 hours after the GBM triggers • P = 7.5654(1) sec was reported one day later • SGR J1822.3-1606 (14/07/2011) • RXTE ToO triggered ~ 2 days after the GBM triggers • P = 8.43 sec • SGR J1834.9-0846 (7/08/2011) • RXTE ToO triggered ~ 1.5 days after the GBM triggers • P = 2.4823 sec

  9. 2. LONG TERM MONITORING 2a. TIMING PROPERTIES SGR 1806-20 AXP 1E 1048.1-5937 Kaspi et al. 2001 Woods et al 2001

  10. Discovery of higher frequency oscillations during Giant Flares (150, 625, 1840 Hz) Giant Flare of SGR 1806-20 Strohmayer & Watts 2006

  11. 2b. FLUX SGR 1900+14 Woods et al. 2001

  12. SGR 1900+14 2c. PULSE PROPERTIES 2000 1996 May 98 Aug 98 Sep-Oct 98 1999 Gogus et al. 2002

  13. 3 .Does B-field evolve? SGR J1822-1606 SGR J0418+5729 Rea et al. 2010,2012

  14. Kouveliotou 1999 What is the evolutionary link between different types of sources? Rotation powered PSRs -> SGRs -> AXPs -> DINS (Kouveliotou 1999, Perna & Pons 2011, Turollaetal 2011, Espinoza etal 2011, +??)

  15. Magnetars in the next five years • Observations • Population studies of magnetars • Understand the links between PSRs – Magnetars – DINS • Systematic searches for seismic vibrations in magnetar bursts-independent B-field measurements • Giant flare detection becomes a strong possibility (for a rate of 1/source/10yrs, we expect one in the next three years – last was in 2004) • Confirm pulsed emission breaks >100 keV will constrain Emax of particles and localization of emission • Overarching theoretical issues • Localize the burst energy injection possibly on or near the NS surface to determine the injection mechanism • Detection of gravitational waves from magnetar Giant Flares • Determination of the magnetic Eddington limit • Synergy with new observatories • NuSTAR, LIGO, LOFAR, AstroSAT, SVOM, GEMS • Serendipitous Discoveries • Always welcome!

  16. The Magnetar Team • C. Kouveliotou (NASA/MSFC, USA),, M. Finger (USRA, USA), N. Bhat (UAH, USA), A. von Kienlin, D. Gruber (MPE, Germany), P. Woods (Corbid Tec, USA) • E. Gogus, Y. Kaneko, L. Lin(Sabanci University, Turkey) • A. Watts, D. Huppenkothen, M. van der Klis, R. Wijers, L. Kaper, A. van der Horst (U. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) • M. Baring (Rice University, USA) • J. Granot (University of Hertfordshire, UK) • S. Wachter (Caltech/IPAC, USA) • E. Ramirez-Ruiz (UCSC, USA) • V. Kaspi (McGill University, Canada) • J. McEnery, N. Gehrels, A. Harding, S. Guiriec (NASA/GSFC, USA)

  17. THANK YOU JEAN For a wonderful 15 years And may your legacy guide all future PIs

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