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The Messiah & The Prophets POWERPOINT 10A. 3 Many peoples will come and say,
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3Many peoples will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the temple of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” The law will go out from Zion, the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. 4 He will judge between the nations and will settle disputes for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war anymore. 5 Come, descendants of Jacob, let us walk in the light of the LORD. Prayer of the WeekIsaiah 2
Some Historical Notes: Who was Isaiah and when did he live? When was his book written? Who are Tilgath-Pileser III and Sennacherib? Who was Nebudchadnessar II? Some Theological Notes: What does the Lord think (in Isaiah 1) about offerings made to Him by His people? Why? What does He demand instead? How is Jerusalem like Sodom and Gomorrah? Why is this shocking? How is Jerusalem different from Sodom & Gomorrah? What are the consequences of Israel’s sins “like scarlet” in Isaiah 1? What is the promise for their obedience? Why is Israel called a “prostitute”? Red Letter OutlinePOWERPOINT 10A
What is Isaiah’ s assessment of Jerusalem, and why? How does Jerusalem measure up against Sodom? (look up Sodom in glossary). Similar/different? Is this prophecy good news, bad news, both? Explain. ISAIAH 1
Israel (northern kingdom, fell in 722BC) Judah (southern kingdom, fell in 586BC) Divided Kingdom
Who was Isaiah and when did he live? When was his book written? • Answer is extremely complex • Book seen as three parts, from three different times: ISAIAH I ISAIAH II ISAIAH III “proto-Isaiah” “deutero-Isaiah” “trito-Isaiah” • Original author is Isaiah the prophet, from 8th century B.C. • Later authors, in Isaian “school” from 6th and 5th centuries • Some prophecies from 8th c. Assyrian conquests and attacks • Some prophecies from near end or end of 6th c. Babylonian exile Isaiah I, II, III
Who are Tilgath-Pileser III and Sennacherib? • Tilgath-Pilaser III (Assyrian) conquers northern kingdom of Israel (722BC) • Isaiah foresees these conquests; Lord’s protection of Jerusalem & Judah • Sennacherib (Assyrian) fails to conquer Jerusalem (701 BC) • King Hezekiah survives; plague hits Assyrians and they withdraw • Isaiah prophesies in the southern kingdom before the fall of Jerusalem; • He rejects alliances with Egyptians or vassal status with Assyrians (Is 37) • His message: Rely on God only; purify religion; First Isaiah – “before” Tilgath-Pilaser III Sennacherib
Isaiah II and III are from the period after the fall of Jerusalem Jerusalem conquered by Babylonians under Nebuchadnessar II (587BCE) Terrible period in history of Israel Last until 538BCE, when Cyrus the Persian defeats the Babylonians Isaiah II and III from after this period: a different situation for Israel Isaiah II and Isaiah IIIThe Babylonian Exile (“after”) Nebuchadnessar II
What does the Lord think about offerings made to Him by His people? Why? What does He demand instead? (Isaiah 1) He is tired of them; will close His eyes to them; will not listen He is angered by the injusticeand sinfulness of His people He demands justice (for “orphan” and “widow”), and that His people should “learn to do good” Isaiah, in brief, blames Israel’s woes on its rejection of the Lord and failure to rely truly on Him. Isaiah I: “before”(Isaiah III: “after”)
How is Jerusalem like Sodom and Gomorrah? Why is this shocking? Sodom and Gomorrah were famously sinful cities that were destroyed by the Lord because of their wickedness. Jerusalem too is under threat for the same reason, as it has rejected goodness and the will of the Lord It is a shocking insult to link Jerusalem to Sodom or Gomorrah, since it is the place of the Lord’s temple, the center of worship of the Lord, and should be alight to the peoples It is an indication of how far God’s people have turned from where they should be as His chosen. Isaiah 1: Jerusalem and Sodom
How is Jerusalem different from Sodom & Gomorrah? God has left them a remnant – “a few survivors” (an important theme in Isaiah) – a portion is left Though Judah and Jerusalem is under siege, the city remains safe within its walls, only due to the Lord’s continued protection. It stands out amidst the conquered waste surrounding it, “like a booth in a field.” Isaiah 1: A “Remnant”
What are the consequences of Israel’s sins “like scarlet”? What is the promise for their obedience? To “eat” or “be eaten”: eat the “good of the land” if they repent; or be eaten “by the sword” if they remain in their sins Isaiah predicts what will happen at the hands of their enemy (Sennacherib) if they do not turn to the Lord. Ultimately, Isaiah predicts a restoration in righteousness Isaiah 1: Consequences of Sin
Why is Israel called a prostitute? A prostitute sells of oneself for profit; Israel has been unfaithful to God, turning to other gods; They have traded their righteousness for bribes and profit; Idolatry has often be linked to prostitution and adultery: failure to live up to their commitment to God, lack of fidelity/faithfulness Isaiah 1: Israel a prostitute!
