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Two Meanings of Good Leadership. Source: Nye Jr , J. S. (2008), The Powers to Lead. Ethical Lapses. Competition- Destructive achievers Egoistic lapses -“Bathsheba Syndrome”- morale failure of successful leaders-complacency and privileged access Morality is magnified in leadership.
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Two Meanings of Good Leadership • Source: Nye Jr, J. S. (2008), The Powers to Lead
Ethical Lapses • Competition- Destructive achievers • Egoistic lapses -“Bathsheba Syndrome”- morale failure of successful leaders-complacency and privileged access • Morality is magnified in leadership. • Cognitive dimensions- impartial standards do not apply to them because they are leaders
Why Ethics? • Leadership is a particular type of human relationship marked by power/influence, vision, obligation and responsibility. • Ethics is about human relationship, and about what leaders should do and what they should be like as human beings, as members of society and in roles they play (Cieula , J. B.)
Leadership Ethics • Leadership ethics is concerned with:- • customs, conduct or character • Values that society finds desirable or appropriate • Virtuousness (purity) of leaders and their motives • Moral principles by which leaders are guided in making decisions about what is “right or wrong” or “good or bad” in particular situation
Perspectives in Leadership Ethics…. • Conduct (actions) • Character (who they are as people)
Conduct • Consequences of actions (teleological perspective) • Assessment of consequences through • Ethical egoism-greatest good for oneself • Utilitarianism- greatest good for greatest number • Altruism- actions purely in interest of others • Duty or rules governing actions (deontological perspectives) • Assessment of whether action itself is good irrespective of consequences- “Duty” or “Rules” • Telling truth, keeping promises, being fair, respecting others – inherently good independent of consequences • Actions and moral responsibilities to do right things (ML)
Leadership Ethics…. • Character perspective (Virtue) • Virtues are rooted in the heart of individuals and in their character -Who leaders are as people • It is about being and becoming good, worthy human being • Virtues are present within individual character and when practiced over time they become part of the persons themselves • From telling truth people can become truthful, from being fair one can become just…
Leadership Ethics…. • Virtues of Ethical person ? • Courage, temperance, generosity, self-control, honesty, sociability, modesty, fairness and justice… (Aristotle) • Perseverance, public spiritedness, integrity, truthfulness, fidelity, benevolence and humility…… (Veleasquez) • “Our virtues are derived from our actions and our actions manifest our virtues” Source: Northouse P G
Ethical dimensions leadership • Ethics of a leader as a person • Ethics of leader -follower relationship • Ethics of process of leadership • Ethics of what leaders should or should not do
Ethical issues • “Leaders do not have to be power hungry psychopaths to do unethical things nor do they have to be altruistic saints to be ethical” • The quest is “how ordinary leaders and followers help each other to become ethical and make better moral decisions” • Cieula J B
What should be the ideals (principles) of Ethical Leadership? • Respect for others • Service to others • Showing Justice • Manifesting Honesty • Building Community Source: Leadership, Northouse
Ethical Leadership & Leadership Responsibility • “Eudaimonea” happiness is the end to which we aim in life. (Aristotle) • A happy life is one where we flourish as human beings (materially and morally) • How does an ethical (and effective) leader contribute to/ and allow people to flourish in terms of their lives as a whole? • How does a leader interfere with the ability of the other groups to create material and social conditions under which people can and do flourish? (Adapted from Ceiula J B)
Public Service Ethics • What are the Ethical Codes of Conduct for Civil Servants inBhutan?
Awakened Leadership • “An awakened leader maintains a high level of alertness in every regard: towards him or herself and his or her driving motives in various matters; towards people he or she guides; towards the organisation he or she leads; toward the environment in which his or her organisation operates and towards the entire universe”. • Source: Harung, Travis, Blank and Heaton in Marques, J (2011); Visiting Nirvana: the Eight Steps Every Awakened Leader Takes, Journal of Global Business Issues 5.1, 21-27, 81