1 / 32

The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era. Part one: The Expansion of Education. Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. I. The Expansion of Education. A democracy functions best when its citizens can read and write Most children received a basic education (only 2 % finished high school)

xue
Download Presentation

The Progressive Era

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Progressive Era

  2. Part one: The Expansion of Education Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

  3. I. The Expansion of Education • A democracy functions best when its citizens can read and write • Most children received a basic education (only 2% finished high school) • Farmers children only attended from Nov. to April • Many child labor laws were passed around 1900

  4. E. The Americanization of immigrants

  5. Public schools played a vital role in assimilating immigrants • Many immigrants moved here for the opportunity of a free education • Learning to read and write in English prepared immigrants for American citizenship

  6. II. Expansion of higher education • College enrollment doubled between 1890 and 1910 • Opportunity for higher ed. set the U.S. apart from other countries • Philanthropists made education a possibility for many

  7. III. Discrimination in education • Immigrants, the poor, and minorities were less likely to receive an education • Separate women’s universities were established try to segregate • African Americans were not allowed to attend most universities • A few did allow them: Oberlin, Bates, Bowdoin • Several African American universities were established to provide for them: Wilberforce, Howard, Atlanta, etc. • Number of African Americans receiving a degree was very small

  8. IV. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois

  9. A. Booker T. Washington thought African Americans should focus on alleviating their economic situation before worrying about their political situation (focus on education). • Stressed vocational education and job training • “as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem”

  10. B. W.E.B. Du Bois was the first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard • Fought for economic, political, and socialequality • Founded the Niagara Movement • Helped form the NAACP

  11. Part Two: The Jim Crow era A. Votingrestrictions • Polltax • Literacy tests • Grandfatherclauses

  12. Segregation • Segregation • Separation of people by race • de facto segregation – caused by tradition (common thing, but not by law) • Jim Crow laws (de jure – by law) – laws meant to segregate races and take away rights from African Americans

  13. C. Plessy vs. Ferguson • The Civil Rights cases overturned the Civil Rights Act (1883) • African American Homer Plessysued for the right to sit wherever he wanted on the train • The courts ruled that facilities and services needed to be separate-but-equal • Jim Crow laws did not violate the 14th Amendment

  14. D. Violence against African Americans • Blacks were forced to follow strict etiquette codes • Breeches in these etiquette codes resulted in violence • From 1882 to 1892 over 1,200 blacks were lynched • Ida B. Wells led an anti-lynching campaign

  15. E. The Great Migration • Blacks moved north to escape violence and legal segregation; escape poverty and look for jobs • Discovered de facto segregation • Race riots erupted in many cities due to the white fear of job competition

  16. VI. Resisting Discrimination • Many African American leaders rose to fight discrimination • Booker T Washington • WEB DuBois • Organized the NAACP • Abolish segregation and discrimination • Oppose racism • Gain civil rights for African Americans

  17. 4/16 • Review yesterday’s material • Notes – Progressive Movement • Labor Unions & Strikes – Graphic Organizers SWBAT Identify the significance of three different strikes/riots, as well as the purpose of labor unions.

  18. I. Reformsneeded to clean up problems created by industrialization A. Progressivessought reform in four main areas • Social • Moral • Economic • Political

  19. B. Four common goals of Progressives • Gov. should be accountableto its citizens • Gov. should curb the power of wealthy interests • Gov. should expandto improve the lives of its citizens • Gov. should become efficientand less corrupt

  20. C. Muckrakers • Journalists who pointed out the evilsof society • Upton Sinclair, The Jungle

  21. II. Progressive reforms in factories A. Poor working conditions needed to be reformed 1. Dangerous working conditions 2. Longhours, lowwages, no job security, no benefits 3. Discrimination against women 4. Childlabor

  22. B. Successful reforms • Organizations created to regulate factory working conditions • Standardizing an 8 hour work day • Passing of child labor laws

  23. C. Progressive impacts on labor unions (strengthened) • Knightsof Labor • American Federationof Labor (Samuel Gompers) • American RailwayUnion (Eugene V. Debs) • Industrial Ladies’ Garment Workers Unions

  24. D. Major strikes • HaymarketSquare • HomesteadStrike • PullmanStrike

  25. III. Progressive accomplishmentsin government A. Localgovernments B. Stategovernments 1. Referendumsand initiatives 2. RecallsIn elections C. In elections 1. PrimaryElections 2. Directelection of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment) 3. Approval of the secret ballot system

  26. IV. Progressive federal reforms A. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” B. Anti-trustlaws 1. ShermanAnti-Trust Act banned any business that restricted trade 2. ClaytonAnti-Trust Act expands the Sherman Act 3. Outlaws price-fixing 4. TR broke up holding companies that had monopolies

  27. Industry & Progressive Test Review • The Transcontinental Railroad • Encourage westward settlement • Grown and Expand • Jobs available • Cheap, run down apartment buildings • Unsanitary • Eastern & Southern Europe; Asia • Variety of cultures in America working together

  28. 9-16 9. Steel making process 10. Carnegie-Steel; Morgan – Banking; Vanderbilt –Railroads; Rockefeller – Oil 11. Whitney-Cotton Gin; Edison – Light Bulb; Ford – Assembly Line (in making automobile); Wright Brothers – airplane 12. Government does not interfere with businesses 13. Assembly Line process of manufacturing 14. Journalists who exposed bad conditions of society 15. Progressive Movement 16. Safer work place conditions; better hours; better pay (make life better for citizens)

  29. 17-25 17. Vote on bill to become a law 18. Directly by people 19. Public officials 20. Primary Election 21. Lewis Hine 22. Sam Gompers 23. Attain voting rights for women (19th amendment) 24. Square Deal 25. land/job opportunities

  30. 26-34. 26. Land/job opportunities 27. 5th & 14th 28. Separate but Equal is legal 29. Booker T – Vocational education; WEB DuBois – demand political, economic, social equality 30. DuBois 31. Washington 32. Faced greater discrimination thru Jim Crow 33. Laws that forced segregation 34. Ida B. Wells

More Related