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Western Movies. Conventions, History and Examples. An Overview – Key Points. Telling stories set in the American West Often portray films in a romanticised light Nostalgic historical feel Genre has been popular throughout the history of the movies
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Western Movies Conventions, History and Examples
An Overview – Key Points • Telling stories set in the American West • Often portray films in a romanticised light • Nostalgic historical feel • Genre has been popular throughout the history of the movies • Has diminished in importance as the United States moves further away from the period depicted in these movies.
Setting and Time • Set in the American West • Almost always in the 19th Century • Incorporate the Civil War into the film directly, or the background • May extend further back into the colonial period • Or forward into the mid-twentieth century • May range geographically from Mexico to Canada
The Hero • Semi – nomadic characters • Sole possessions consist of clothing, a gun and maybe a horse • Some high technology of the era present, e.g. telegraph, printing press, railroad • Occasionally these referred to as a development just arriving, symbolising the end of frontier lifestyle and the march of civilisation
Some general conventions • Each movie is a morality tale • Usually set against stunning American landscapes • In some movies the landscapes are the stars more than the actors • Stress the harshness of the landscape, or juxtapose the beauty of it with the dirtiness of a town
Some possible locations • Isolated forts • Ranch houses • Isolated homestead • Saloon • Jail
Iconography • Stetsons • Spurs • Colt. 45’s • Prostitutes • Saloon • Sheriff • Faithful Steed • Indians
Common themes • Conquest of the wilderness • Depicts code of honour rather than law. • Social status through acts of violence, or generosity.
Evolution • Structure drawn from 19th Century melodramatic literature involving virtuous hero and a wicked villain who menaces a virginal heroine • Action story, composed of violence, chases and crimes • Introduction of the history of migration westwards and opening of frontier – films like The Covered Wagon (1924) • Revenge structure, present in films like Billy theKid (1930)
Sub-genres • Classical Western • Epic Western • Shoot ‘em up • Singing Cowboy Westerns • Spaghetti Westerns • Revisionist Western
Classic Westerns • The Great Train Robbery (1903) was the first narrative film produced in US • Starred Bronco Billy Anderson • He then starred in hundreds of western shorts • Genre epitomised by work of two directors – John Ford who used John Wayne as his lead directed Stagecoach (1939), which is considered one of the best westerns ever made.
Spaghetti Westerns • Revival of the western genre in Italy • Low budget affairs • Locations chosen for their cheapness, and similarity to mid-West (southern Spain was often chosen) • More action and violence than Hollywood westerns. • Sergio Leone’s contributions were the most notable – Once Upon A Time in the West. • Clint Eastwood started his career in these
Revisionist Westerns • Questioned the role of native as a savage • Questioned the hero versus villain theme • Some gave women much larger roles
TRUE GRIT FACTS ROOSTER COGBURN JEFF BRIDGES
MATTIE ROSS HAILEE STEINFELD LA BOEUF MATT DAMON TOM CHANEY JOSH BROLIN
AWARDS AND NOMINATIONS • 2010 AFI Film Award AFI Movie of the Year • 2011 Nominated for Oscar: Sound Mixing Cinematography Costume Design Directing Sound Editing Picture of the Year Leading Actor – Jeff Bridges Supporting Actress – Hailee Steinfeld Writing and Screenplay Adaption – Joel Coen and Ethan Coen • 2011 Nominated Critics Choice Awards • 2011 Screen Actors Guild Award (SAG) Jeff Bridges and Hailee Stienfeld • 2011 Teen Choice Award Hailee Stienfeld
And Finally… ‘As far as I’m concerned, Americans don’t have any original art except western movies and jazz…’ Clint Eastwood