ADAPTIVE OPTICS IN EUROPE

1. Durham Arcetri OPM ELT Design Study ADAPTIVE OPTICS IN EUROPE a Technological tool to help answer next set of Science questions such as exo-earth biospheres & the nature of dark energy Adaptive Optics in Europe

2. 1st common-use SCAO system(COME-ONADONIS @ ESO 3.6m) 1991 1993 • 2nd common-use SCAO system(PUEO @ CFHT) C&H β Pictoris 1994 • 1st LGS “civil” Concept & break-even(ALFA @ Calar Alto) 1985 1999 AdOpt 06/09/01 1st light (pyramid sensor) June ’99 ALFA 1st lock • Pyramid WFS Concept development(AdOpt @ TNG) 2001 Adaptive Optics in Europe: fully in the game But slow to install NGS/LGS facilities @ 8-m(Keck  Gemini  Subaru) Adaptive Optics in Europe

3. NAOMI August ’02 Commissioning Image AO-Module Rayleigh AO demonstrator WHT SPIFFI Titan (26 Nov. ’02) 1st closed loop end April ‘04 • Common-user SCAO/NGS@ 4-m (NAOMI @ WHT) Adaptive Optics in Europe: catching up • Common-user SCAO/NGS Facility @ VLT(NACO  ‘02) • High-sensitivity Visible WFS + IR WFS • NIR AO 3D-Spectrometer(SINFONI) @ VLT ( June’04) • Rayleigh AO demonstrator @ WHT  GLAS facility • (hopefully) a LGSF operating @ VLT early next year • to feed NACO & SINFONI G.C. (R. Genzel et al.) Adaptive Optics in Europe

4. Launch Telescope Provision for 5 LGS MPE-PARSEC LCR VLT LGSF

5. NGC 1068 4Q PM Coronograph LGSs SDI (NACO) NIRVANA WFS Calibration Mid-high-layer WFS D. Rouan et al. (OPM) L. Close, R. Lenzen, W. Brandner Pupil MUSE + AO Calibration Pupil 4 LGS Wavefront sensors Ground layer WFS left Ground layer WFS right M2 + DM F20 camera AO RELAY OPTICS MUSE Calibration VLT ADAPTER LGS Focus Trombone Piston mirror G ~ 30 @ 1.5 Airy radius G ~ 30 (speckle noise) Laser Launch Telescopes MUSE SPECTROGRAPH 3’ FOV constant envelope collimator 1’ -7.5”FOV Field Dichroic wheel Science detector Off-axis Vis NGS TT Sensor 2’ LGS Acquisition Camera On-axis IR NGS TT Sensor VLT M1 Fringe and flexure tracker • NIRVANA/LBT (Fizeau with MCAO)  Construction Adaptive Optics in Europe: a full platter ahead • GTC AO (SCAO-NGS  MCAO-NGS)  Design • VLT MUSE AO (WF GL & NF SC in Visible)  Design UT AO facility ? • Planet Finder @ VLT (XAO)  2 x phase A Studies +developingthetechnologyfortheEuropeanELT (ESO Council green light in Dec. ’03) Adaptive Optics in Europe

6. AO-WP Management 1st generation AO & MCAO design for ELTs Large format, high Density DMs R&D 100m-Layer WFS exp. Novel AO concepts AO & MCAO simulations Algorithms for reconstruction & control A European AO Roadmap: I- Why? • develop next generation AO facilities for the 8-10 m.(VLT, LBT, GTC) • and AO enabling technology for the European ELT • fully using their many commonalities • within European-wide collaboration programs • OPTICON for 1st phase R&D (5.75 M€ EC AO funding) • ELT Design Study for 2nd phase (5 M€ AO requested to EC) • and extensive collaborations with North-America(AURA-ESO MOU, ESO-CfAO & more)

7. Observatories WHT Lund Institutes UKATC Durham Industries Gemini WHT ICL NOVA TNO ÖKO LBT MPIA OPM Cilas MPE ONERA ESO CFHT Microgate CRAL ADS LETI LAOG OAP TNG LAM Nice FCUL DIAPM Arcetri GTC GTC ETH LBT IAC ING AEuropeanAORoadmap:II-Whom? AO R&D(5 yrs) ~ 3-4 M€ / yr (HW + FTE) EC-supported pan-European Access to all 4-m class facilities 12 Countries (+ possibly Spain in ‘06) direct Access to VLT Adaptive Optics in Europe

8. MAD Rayleigh AO demonstrator 2Q ‘05 WHT FALCON (OPM) 1st closed loop end April ‘04 A European AO Roadmap: III- What? • Advance/refine concepts for ELT AO Systems • AO concepts: XAO-GLAO-MCAOs • Laser concepts: PIGs (R. Ragazzoni) • Objects (Science & Reference Stars) picking concepts • Start 1st generation of scalable AO building blocks • Laser Guide Star Systems (emitter + projector) • Deformable Mirror Systems (DM + command) • Visible & IR WFS Systems (detector + controller) • Real-Time Computation Systems (HW & SW) • Data Reduction/Analysis Systems (algorithms & DUI)

9. Fiber Laser 4 LGS; 5 WFS 3 DM (1k+ act.) WFS CCD 15WCW@1583nm QE: 90% RTC LDM 2562 pixels 0.5 -1.5 kfps LETI-LAOG MOEM 3-1e RON Piezo DM 412 act. 800 µm pitch AO next generation building blocks more/better used Tflops smaller, cheaper, more power more actuators, more stroke more px, better noise/speed OPTICON funding + Coll. with AURA & CfAO

10. PASS- LLNL Hyper-Telescope(Labeyrie et al.) ELPOA ADAPTIVE OPTICS IN EUROPE R. Foy et al. A next generation path to avoid T/T stars Adaptive Optics in Europe

11. A European AO Roadmap: III- What? • Ensure adequate supporting Infrastructures • C-based Intelligence (trained AO Specialists & Scientists) • Si-based Intelligence (e.g. simulation farms)

12. Sqrt stretch FWHM ~ 5 mas Sr (K)~ 30% SIMULATION TOOLS: OWL MCAO in NIR NGS 1 2’ FOV 100m - K band NGS 3 Object 2 DM (9k act.) 3 NGS Strehl (K) NGS 2 Time

13. A European AO Roadmap: III- What? • Ensure adequate supporting Infrastructure • C-based Intelligence (trained AO Specialists & Scientists) • Si-based Intelligence (e.g. simulation farms) • Laboratory benches & test equipments

14. High DM Low DM DM Vector Time Durham MCAO Lab • 2 layer evolving turbulence generator based on holographic liquid crystals • 2 WFC adaptive optics system based on 37-actuator modal LC devices • Shack Hartman Star Oriented Control Loop • ~1 Hz open loop bandwidth • 5 artificial guide stars Similar kind of facilities @ MPIA-Heidelberg, OPM, ESO ….

15. SLODAR Cn2(h) profiler MASS-LITE turbulence profiler Coll. With AURA-CTIO In use @ La Palma since April ‘03 A European AO Roadmap: III- What? • Ensure adequate supporting Infrastructure • C-based Intelligence (trained AO Specialists & Scientists) • Si-based Intelligence (e.g. simulation farms) • Laboratory benches & test equipments • Site characterization AO instruments

16. A European A.O. Roadmap: Conclusions • 1st good news: substantial A.O. resources in Europe • 2nd good news: coordinated R&D with  EC funds • 3rd good news:  cooperation with North-America • A sobering thought: our common “insane” ambitions a Wish … or a Prediction? A.O. for ELTs may become a show-slower but will not be a show-stopper!