An Introduction to Phonetics

1. An Introduction to Phonetics Prof. Miguel A. Arce Ramos Eng. 115

2. For all data on this course • Please go to: • professorarce.weebly.com

3. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Short a = Consonant + Vowel + Consonant, CVCC, VCC = Ahh sound like when a dentist tells you to open your mouth • cat • back • bag • and • at

4. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Long a = CVCV, CVVC = ey sound • cake • rain • paint • state

5. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Short e =CVC, CVCC, VCC = This has an ehh sound • pet • bed • best • end

6. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Long /e/ = CVVC, VVCC = This has an /i/ sound • feet • achieve • each • eagle

7. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Short /i/ = CVC, CVCC = This has a ihh sound • fist • kid • sick • mitt

8. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Long /i/ - VCV, CVgh, Cie, y at the end • shy • ice • light • tie

9. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Short /o/ - CVC, CVCC, VCC = It has a Spanish a sound (ahh) • Bob • block • blog • stop • hot

10. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Long /o/ - CVCV, COE = ou sound • bogus • rope • rose • toe • road

11. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Short /u/ - CVC, CVCC, VCC = This has an uhh sound • bluff • pump • umpire • ugly • humble

12. Kindergarten – Second Grade English • Basic Sound Patterns • Long /u/ = CVVC, CVCV = This has an an uuusound • glue • flu • root • soup • astute

13. What are phonetics? • Phonetics = is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech. • Phonology = The sound system of a language.

14. The Speech Mechanism

15. Spelling System • The English spelling system can be extremelydifficult to learn. • There are more sounds than letters. • Twenty-six (26) letters exist in the alphabet • There are over forty (40)sounds.

16. Spelling System • There are letters that are the same but have different sounds. • hat • aim • all • art • above • orange • see • sure • Asia

17. Spelling System • You can have the same sound but different letters. • baby • they • steak • veil • rain • may • fell • stuff • photo • tough

18. Spelling System • Letters representing no sound. • right • design • island • hour • bomb • wrong

19. Alphabet • The alphabet ultimately breaks down into two main components: • Consonants • Vowels

20. Consonants • Consonant = a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.

21. Consonants • When making consonant sounds we have to take into consideration three factors: • How sound is produced? • Place of Articulation • Manner of Articulation

22. IPA Chart

23. Voiced/Voiceless Sounds • In phonetics, we have two ways of pronouncing consonants. • Voiced = there is vibration of the vocal chords when pronouncing these sounds. • Voiceless = there is NO vibration of the vocal chords when pronouncing these sounds.

24. Manner of Articulation • Manner of Articulation = In linguistics, how the speech organs of lips, tongue, and vocal cords must be arranged in order to produce a particular sound. • For example, • Nasal • Stop • Fricative

25. Manner of Articulation • Stop = that you make by stopping the flow of air completely and then suddenly letting it out of your mouth. • Fricative = produced by the forcing of breath through a constricted passage. • Affricate = A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant followed by a fricative; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy.

26. Manner of Articulation • Nasal = Articulated by lowering the soft palate so that air resonates in the nasal cavities and passes out the nose. • Liquid = A consonant articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel.

27. Manner of Articulation Glide = The transitional sound produced by passing from the articulatory position of one speech sound to that of another.

28. Place of Articulation • Bilabial = is a consonant that is articulated using both lips. • Example, • [p] = peanut = voiceless bilabial stop • [b] = butter = voiced bilabial stop • [m] = man = voiced bilabial nasal • [w] = woman = voiced bilabial glide

29. Place of Articulation • Labiodental = a consonant whose articulation involves the lips and teeth. • Example, • [f] = fear = voiceless labiodental fricative • [v] = vinegar = voiced labiodental fricative

30. Place of Articulation • Interdental = Pertaining to the space between the teeth; Pronounced with the tongue between the top and bottom teeth. • For example, • [Ɵ] = thin = voiceless interdental fricative • [ð] = the = voiced interdental fricative

31. Place of Articulation • Alveolar = a consonant articulated with the tip of the tongue near the gum ridge. • For example, • [t] = touch = voiceless alveolar stop • [d] = down = voiced alveolar stop • [s] = sick = voiceless alveolar fricative • [z] = zoo = voiced alveolar fricative • [n] = no = voiced alveolar nasal • [l] = lamb = voiced alveolar lateral

32. Place of Articulation • Palatal = consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). • For example, • [ʃ] = sheet = voiceless palatal fricative • [ʒ] = measure = voiced palatal fricative • [ʧ] = chair = voiceless palatal affricate • [ʤ] = jail = voiced palatal affricate

33. Place of Articulation • Velar = Articulated with the back of the tongue touching or near the soft palate. • For example, • [k] = king = voiceless velar stop • [g] = gang = voiced velar stop • [ŋ] = ring = voiced velar nasal

34. Place of Articulation • Glottal = articulated or pronounced at or with the glottis • For example, • [h] = hair = voiceless glottal stop