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Generations and Gender Programme

Generations and Gender Programme. Innovative Way of Advancing Knowledge for Policy-Making. Andres Vikat. IISP 4 th Annual Scientific Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005. Demographic Context in Europe. Below replacement fertility and low mortality  population ageing and decline

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Generations and Gender Programme

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  1. Generations and Gender Programme Innovative Way of Advancing Knowledge for Policy-Making Andres Vikat IISP 4th Annual Scientific Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  2. Demographic Context in Europe • Below replacement fertility and low mortality  population ageing and decline • Changes in reproduction and cohabitation patterns  changes in family structure • Consequence: Challenges to social and economic policies, including family policies Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  3. Need for policy-relevant knowledge • Governments and scientists know of changes in families and family relationships • Governments and scientists aware of the lack of solid knowledge of causes of the changes • Advances in knowledge essential for informed formulation of coordinated and systematic policies Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  4. UNECE Tradition: Surveys • Comparative Fertility Surveys (CFS); 1966-71; 12 countries (4 in CEE) • World Fertility Survey (WFS); 1975-81; 18 countries (6 in CEE) • Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS); 1988-99; 23 UNECE countries & New Zealand (8 in CEE) Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  5. UNECE Tradition:Policy Discussion • Geneva 1993:European Population Conference • Budapest 1998:Regional Population Meeting • Geneva 2004:European Population Forum Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  6. Fertility and Family Surveys - FFS • Data 10 or more years old, do not enable the analysis of the effect of societal transition • There is a need for a new round of comparative surveys Generations and Gender Programme (GGP) • Many important questions cannot be addressed using retrospective data only Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  7. Why GGP? • To understand • the relationship between child-bearing and family life on the one hand,and social, economic, political and ideational change on the other • inter-generational relationships • gender relationships • … in order to enable informed formulation of policies Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  8. GGP – a Unique Programme • Currently the only international programme focusing on the analysis of population dynamics and its causes Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  9. Key Features of the GGP • Prospective view: Panel design - crucial novelty compared to FFS • Multidisciplinarity: demography, sociology, economics, psychology, political science • Comparability: aiming at more rigorous adherence to common tools and content • Context-sensitivity: contextual database • Generations: Addressing the second half of the life course, facets of ageing • Gender: access to education and employment, autonomy, division of roles;sample of both sexes, couple perspective, response items Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  10. Survey Design - Main Features • Panel • Nationally representative sample of 18-79 year-old men and women • One respondent interviewed in a household Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  11. Panel Design Makes It Possible … • to analyze relationships between demographic behaviour and life domains that can hardly or not at all be measured retrospectively, like subjective dimensions, income • to analyze how demographic behaviour shapes value orientations and attitudes, influences well-being, intergenerational and gender relationships • to analyze intentions of demographic behaviour, and the circumstances supporting or preventing their realization Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  12. Focus of the GGS • Target processes • Childbearing • Partnership dynamics • Home leaving • Retiring Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  13. Main criterionfor including explanatory topics • Theoretically grounded relevance to explaining one or more of the target processes Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  14. Two Main Explanatory Domains • Economic aspects, including subjective assessment of them • Activity • Income • Wealth  New Home Economics, relative income;absolute and relative deprivation • Values and attitudes  Second Demographic Transition Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  15. Other Explanatory Domains • Parent-child relationships • Gender relationships • Household composition • Housing • Stepfamilies • Contraception and infertility treatment • Education • Health • Subjective well-being • Social networks and private transfers • Welfare state and public transfers Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  16. Organisation of the Questionnaire • Core: • 13 sections • 4 optional sub-modules • Nationality & ethnicity • Previous partners • Intentions of breaking up • Housing Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  17. Prospective View: Intentions • Full set of questions include: • Intention • Expected consequences • Important circumstances • Perceived attitudes of relevant others • Implemented for: • starting to live with a partner; if in a non-residential partnership, starting to live with the current non-resident partner • starting to live separately from parents • having a/another child • retiring • breaking up (optional) Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  18. Other Intentions • moving • finishing education (if studying) • resuming education (if not studying) • marrying • starting to live together with parents • resuming work after maternity leave, parental leave, or childcare leave; • taking a job or starting a business (if not working) • changing company or starting a business (employees) • starting a new business or taking a job (self-employed) • give up paid work (those who are working) Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  19. Analysis Wave 1 Retrospective histories childbearing partnerships CHILDHOOD ANALYSIS of INTENTIONS CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS LIFE COURSE ANALYSIS

  20. Analysis Wave 3 Wave 1 Wave 2 Retrospective histories childbearing childbearing childbearing partnerships partnerships partnerships … CHILDHOOD ANALYSIS of INTENTIONS ANALYSIS of INTENTIONS economic activity economic activity CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS economic activity CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS changes from changes from Wave 1 to 2 Wave 2 to 3 LIFE COURSE ANALYSIS

  21. Examples of Analyses after Wave 1 • Intentions as the dependent variable • Retrospective childbearing histories as the dependent variable:Analyses of parity progression, and combined partnership and childbearing histories • Association of experienced partnership and childbearing history with current value orientations and attitudes and current labor-market status and other current situations • Various kinds of cross-sectional analyses • The novelty value of GGS unfolds only after implementing the following panel waves Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  22. GGP Outputs • Archives of national harmonised • micro-data files of GGS • macro-data files of contextual data • National and cross national reports and studies for policy-makers and scientific community • National and international meetings • Input for policy discussion Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  23. Organisation • Programme level: • Consortium Board (steering group) • Expert Working Groups • Questionnaire Development - Wave 1 • Questionnaire Development - Wave 2 • Administrative Records • Analysis: defining standardised outputs • Sampling, fieldwork guidelines, panel maintenance • Informal Working Group: representatives from all interested institutions and countries • National level: • National committees / focal points • focal point in Russia: Independent Institute for Social Policy Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  24. Institutional Setting • Coordination: • UNECE Population Activities Unit • Consortium: • Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) • Institut national d’études démographiques (INED) • Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI) • Hungarian Central Statistical Office • Statistics Canada • Department of Social Policy, University of York • Department of Demography, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Andres Vikat - IISP Conference, Moscow, 8-9 Dec 2005

  25. May 2004 IWG member Committed, fundraising Pilot, preparation for Wave 1 Wave 1

  26. October 2005 IWG member Committed, fundraising Pilot, preparation for Wave 1 Wave 1

  27. Thank you for your attention.

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