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Goat Production Update: Nutrition and Health.

Goat Production Update: Nutrition and Health. Presented: Ken Andries Kentucky State University Information provided by: Ken Andries, Kentucky State University Terry Hutchens, University of Kentucky Patty Scharko, University of Kentucky. Current Issues Goat Nutrition. Drought Concerns:

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Goat Production Update: Nutrition and Health.

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  1. Goat Production Update:Nutrition and Health. Presented: Ken Andries Kentucky State University Information provided by: Ken Andries, Kentucky State University Terry Hutchens, University of Kentucky Patty Scharko, University of Kentucky

  2. Current Issues Goat Nutrition • Drought Concerns: • Forage and feed for goats • Cost of winter feeding • Use of byproducts and co-products in goat rations

  3. Drought Survival • Calculate the amount of hay needed and plan within existing supply. • Goats do need fiber, soy hulls and DDGS have high fiber as does cotton seed (whole or hulls). • Culling to fit more desirable stocking rate and remove problems from the herd. • Calculate balanced diets using commodity feeds may be the best choice.

  4. General Nutrient Requirements

  5. Alternative feeds: Corn Gluten • Corn bran 2/3 & 1/3 steep water • Degradable protein, improves microbial protein • Has been shown to replace up to 40% of forage • Improves feed conversion, energy = 10% greater than corn • No starch, + effect on fiber digestion • Limit to 25-30% of total ration • Low in Ca K, High P

  6. Alternative feeds: Distiller Dried Grains with Soluables (DDGS) • 10-12% fat • Low in Starch • Highly digestible fiber • Energy levels of DDGS can be as much as 27% higher than rolled corn • Excellent by-pass protein source, (50%) • Low in Ca & high in P an K • Inclusion at 20-35% of the grain mix and 15-25% of the total ration dry matter

  7. Alternative Feeds: Soybean Hulls • Used to replace grain and forage in a high forage ration • High energy content is from digestible fiber • Low in Starch • Adequate Ca & high in P an K • Inclusion at 40 - 50% of the grain mix and 40% of hay • Protein variability is primary problem • Incorrect classification, SBH = 9%, SB Meal Feed 13%, Soybean Meal Run 11%

  8. Nutrition of By-Products

  9. Using Distillers Dried Grains and Other By-Product FeedsFor Goat ProductionWinter of 2006

  10. Diet Formulation • Commercial 16 % Pelleted feed • 20%-40%-40% • 20-Distillers Grains with Soluables, • 40- Soybean Hulls, • 40- Whole Corn • 30%-30%-40% • 30-Distillers Grains with Soluables, • 30- Soybean Hulls, • 40- Whole Corn • Hand Fed at 3% of body weight

  11. Summery • By-product feeds appear to be an alternative to commercial feeds • Cost of feed can be reduced by as much as 50% • By-product feed sources are in abundance • By-product feeds vary in nutrient and physical quality • Storage is usually needed • Feed additives must be provided or added to the concentrate

  12. Suggestions when mixing alternative feeds • Problems with alternative feeds • Separation and dust • Cotton Seed Hulls, “fuzzy balls” 25 lbs/ton • Corn oil 1% of ration • Ammonium Chloride 10 lbs/Ton • Urea 10-20 % of total protein • Ca:P ratio problem

  13. Concentrate Feeding Amounts • Mature Does • Will eat 3.5-4% of her body weight/day if fed ad lib. • Late pregnancy feed 1.5 % body • Early lactation feed 2.5% body • Feeder and Slaughter kids • Feeder Kids, Slaughter Kids 2.5-3.0% • Remainder Hay and Pasture

  14. Animal Health Issues • Current problems in goat health • New resources coming out • Continuing issues

  15. LDDC Caprine Necropsy Diagnoses Diagnosis 2006 2005 Parasitism 56 (22%) 44 (19%) Pneumonia 44 (17%) 41 (18%) Coccidia 26 (10%) 24 (10%) Enteritis 17 (7%) 14 (6%) Myodegeneration 12 (5%) 12 (5%) Listeria 16 (6%) 11 (5%) No Diagnosis 13 (5%)18 (8%) Total 251 231 Goats made up 6% of LDDC submissions in 2005

  16. Parasite control issues • H. Contortus still appears to be the major issue. • Resistance is building fast to available products. • Pasture management and selective deworming based on actual weight of animals is needed. • Selection is critical for long term survival.

  17. Pneumonia • Problem is increasing in many herds. • Vaccine trial was started this year. Appears to be effective in providing some protection. • Cattle inter nasal vaccines at 1cc per head (~1/2 cattle dose) with half given in each nostril, off label.

  18. CL vaccine research • CL vaccine trial is continuing. • This year there was a higher incidence of CL at the KSU farm. • Cases were over 98% in non vaccinated animals. • If producers are having a problem, this product is working.

  19. New resources • Southern Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (SCSRPC) • Integrated parasite control train the trainer materials due out before January 08. • Meat Goat Production hand Book available from Langston University at http://www.luresext.edu/goats/training/qa.html select brows to read without cost. • Kentucky Goat training. • Agent In-service Training on Goats Nov 1 Muhlenberg Co and Nov 8 Quicksand. • 3 training modules due out this winter and next spring include health, forages, and nutrition.

  20. Continuing Health Issues • FAMACHA trainings are available upon request, goats or sheep will be required at the training. • Se deficiencies are still a problem in especially in kids. • Over stocking continues to be a problem in most areas. • Selection for health is slow but critical.

  21. Conclusions • Parasites are still the #1 killer of goats in Kentucky. • The goat industry in KY is still growing. • Drought issues are similar to other livestock and feeding may be cheaper than hay but fiber is necessary for healthy animals. • Alternative feeds will be the key to survival this winter in many herds

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