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States of Matter

States of Matter. Nature of Gasses. Kinetic Theory Gas particles have insignificant volume No attractive or repulsive forces exist between the molecules Molecules are in constant Random Motion All collisions are perfectly elastic. Pressure. Gas Pressure.

yael-perry
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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter

  2. Nature of Gasses • Kinetic Theory • Gas particles have insignificant volume • No attractive or repulsive forces exist between the molecules • Molecules are in constant Random Motion • All collisions are perfectly elastic

  3. Pressure

  4. Gas Pressure • Force exerted by a gas per unit surface area • SI unit: pascal (Pa) One standard atmosphere(atm) is the pressure required to support a column of mercury 760 mm high. 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3kPa

  5. Express the pressure 300 mmHg in kilopascals.

  6. Express the pressure 300 mmHg in kilopascals. 101.3 kPa 760 mm Hg

  7. Express the pressure 300 mmHg in kilopascals. 300 mm Hg 101.3 kPa = 39.99 kPa 760 mm Hg

  8. Mercury Barometer

  9. Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature • When substances are heated, the particles of that substance absorb energy. • The remaining energy speeds up the particles • Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion ↑ Temp = ↑ Kinetic Energy

  10. Absolute Zero • 0 Kelvin • The temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically stops • Has never been reproduced in a lab

  11. Liquids • Ability to flow, but the particles are attracted to each other by intermolecular forces. Vaporization: Liquid  gas or vapor Evaporation: When vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid

  12. Vapor Pressure • Force of gas above a liquid

  13. Boiling Point • The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure. • Bubbles of vapor form throughout the liquid

  14. Nature of Solids • Molecules tend to move slightly about a fixed point • Packed in a highly organized manner • Melting Point: Temperature at which solids turn into liquids

  15. Changes of State Phase Diagrams

  16. Sublimation • The change of state directly from a solid to a vapor.

  17. In Class Activity • Understanding Phase Diagrams

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