Terrorism, Skyjacking & Embezzlement

1. Terrorism, Skyjacking & Embezzlement Foreign and Domestic

2. Points About Terrorism • Definition: The killing and injuring of innocent civilians for political purposes • The perceived threat from foreign terrorists to the USA (at home) is relatively new (since 9/11) • Earlier skyjackings in the US were not by terrorists • Terrorism has been a threat since World War II in Europe, much of it connected to the Middle East • We can learn from comparing the US reaction to skyjacking, and attempts to control it

3. La Terreur • The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 - 28 July 1794) (the latter is date 10 Thermidor, year II of the French Revolutionary Calendar),[1] also known simply as The Terror (French: la Terreur), was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution." The death toll ranged in the tens of thousands, with 16,594 executed by guillotine (2,639 in Paris),[2] and another 25,000 in summary executions across France.[3]The guillotine (called the "National Razor") became the symbol of the revolutionary cause, strengthened by a string of executions: Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI, the Girondins, Philippe Égalité (Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans) and Madame Roland, as well as many others, such as pioneering chemist Antoine Lavoisier, lost their lives under its blade.

4. The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism. Scholars agree that terrorism is a disputed term, and very few of those labelled terrorists describe themselves as such. It is common for opponents in a violent conflict to describe the other side as terrorists Those called terrorists can often be referred to as militants, paramilitaries, guerrillas, resistance movements or freedom fighters. However, they are united in the range of tactics they commonly employ which involves non-systemic covert or semi-covert warfare, driven by an ideological basis often political religious or socially based. They often seek to use propaganda of the deed to cause a psychological impact alongside the actions themselves to drive the aspired change.

5. Current Terrorism Issues In the News • Are terrorists criminals or military combatants? • Should terrorists be tried in criminal or military courts?

6. Motives of Terrorist

7. Motivation for Violence: Antagonism Assaulters Iso-preference Lines Assaulter’s Income Terrorist’s Tastes High Total or Social Income Low Victim’s Income

8. Timelines

10. Timeline

12. Imad Mugniyah: Newsweek Feb 25, ‘08

15. 1968- 1982

17. Attack what how where when why? Why don’t our enemies love us? Defense (focus) what how where when why were we not prepared for the attack? Post 9-11

18. Domestic (over here) independence 1812 Civil Foreign (over there) Mexico: Halls of Moctezuma Spanish: San Juan Hill & Manila Bay WWI: France WWII: North Africa, Europe, Pacific Korea Vietnam Gulf: Desert Storm Afghanistan and Iraq US Wars

19. Why were we not Prepared?Theme #1: “Over there… “ http://www.archive.org/details/overthere1918 Chorus Over there, over there, Send the word, send the word over there - That the Yanks are coming, The Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming Ev'rywhere. So prepare, say a pray'r, Send the word, send the word to beware. We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over Over there.

20. America’s Best Known World War I Song • “Over there, over there, send the word, send the word over there, that the yanks are coming, ….

21. Terrorism in the USA • Home grown • Foreign imports • Remedies

22. Over There • There have not been very many politically motivated attacks by foreign terrorists on the domestic USA until 9-11 • World Trade Center ( Feb. 26, 1993)

23. Learning from History • Skyjacking in the USA • first in the USA was 1961 • in contrast to skyjackings abroad, at most one skyjacking at home was, maybe, politically motivated by a someone with connections to the Balkans

24. Learning from Economics • Thwarting embezzlement • inspection, I. E. audit

25. Recent History of US Terrorism Bombings World Trade Center, New York (Feb. 26, 1993) 6 killed, 1000+ injureed Murtaugh Federal Building, Oklahoma City Black Churches April 19, 1995 _ 25

26. WTC 1993 Blackhawk Down 1993 Saudi Arabia 1996 Africa 1998

27. Do You See a pattern?Blackhawk Down Oct. 3-4,1993 Mogadishu, Somalia 27

28. US Embassy Bombing In Nairobi,August 7, 1998 28

29. USS Cole 2000 9/11

30. USS Cole attacked by speedboat in Yemen October 12, 2000 30

32. Reward: $2,000,000

33. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/26/newsid_2516000/2516469.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/26/newsid_2516000/2516469.stm

35. Total International Terrorist Attacks http://www.state.gov Office of the Coordinator for Counter-Terrorism Patterns of Global Terrorism

36. Note: The Small # of Attacks in North America

37. Shock value Of 9/11 Few attacks In North America, but Many Casualties

40. Threshold Of worry

41. Skyjackings • The first skyjacking was a Peruvian carrier in February 1931 • The first skyjacking of a US carrier was a National Airlines flight destined for Key West Florida on May 1, 1961

45. The Legend of D. B. Cooper

47. US Response to Domestic Skyjackings • Armed Federal Marshals on Flights • mostly on flights on the Eastern seaboard corridor • Congress Passes the US Civil Aviation Security Program in 1973