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London’s Soil Chemistry: A continental scale anomaly

London’s Soil Chemistry: A continental scale anomaly. Dee Flight , Andreas Scheib and the Geochemical Baselines Team British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 3NX www.bgs.ac.uk. A tale of two soil geochemical mapping projects. GEMAS : European continental scale

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London’s Soil Chemistry: A continental scale anomaly

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  1. London’s Soil Chemistry:A continental scale anomaly Dee Flight, Andreas Scheib and the Geochemical Baselines Team British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 3NX www.bgs.ac.uk

  2. A tale of two soil geochemical mapping projects GEMAS: European continental scale • Agricultural soil quality • Are anthropogenic impacts significant? • LondonEarth: city scale: • Urban soil quality; • What impact does the soil quality have on the population?

  3. GEMAS UK 138 sites 1 sample per 2500 km2 London

  4. London Earth 6300 sites 1572 km2 4 samples per km2 London Earth – Source of Sample site map: http://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=1464

  5. London Earth: Land use at soil sampling sites

  6. London Earth

  7. GEMAS & London Earth • Rigorous standardised methods based on established expertise and well tested,quality control; • Undertaken contemporaneously; • Multi-element/parameter topsoil geochemical mapping; • Robust and reproducible outputs; • Sample and data archive – lasting impact and future resource.

  8. London Earth – Source of As map: http://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=2020 London Earth – Source of Cd map: http://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=2021

  9. London Earth – statistical analysis and parent material mapping • Geogenic signatures for Al, Cs, Ga, K, La, Mg, Mn, Nb, Rb, Ti, V most dominant. •Very low geogenic control of As, Ba, Cd, Mo, Pb, Se, Sn, Zn in London urban domain. • Strongest geogenic signatures survived 2000 year history of urban development

  10. London Earth – Source of Pb map: http://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=2026

  11. (From Reimann et al., 2014, Fig. 11.41.5, p.339)

  12. 21 mg/kg GEMAS median

  13. (From Reimann et al., 2014, Fig. 11.42.4, p.346)

  14. Pb isotope ratios in London’s soil

  15. London: soil Pb bioaccessibility

  16. Lead in London Soil - a relationship with social deprivation?

  17. The London effect: Precious metals (From Reimann et al., 2014, Fig. 11.7.5, p.139) (From Reimann et al., 2014, Fig. 11.10.5, p.159)

  18. Gold in London’s soils X soil: 0-2 cm A soil: 5-20 cm GEMAS median soil Au concentration:1 ppb

  19. Conclusions • GEMAS and London Earth are high quality robust soil geochemical surveys of differing scale and purpose. • Used together they provide unique understanding of the magnitude and spatial influence of London’s urban soil contamination. • High resolution geochemical data show that a wide range of elements have been modified in London’s urban soil. • GEMAS shows that for Pb, Au, (Sn, Hg, Ag) the impact of London’s urban soil contamination is significant at the continental scale.

  20. Thank you for listening dmaf@bgs.ac.uk References

  21. References SLIDES 5, 6: Knights, K.V. and Scheib A.J., 2010. London Earth: details of field campaigns across the Greater London area, 2005 to 2009. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK. Open Report OR/09/056. SLIDE 9: Ellison, R.A., Woods, M.A., Allen, D.J., Forster, A., Pharaoh, T.C. and King, C., 2004. Geology of London. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 256 (North London), 257 (Romford), 270 (South London) and 271 (Dartford) (England and Wales). British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. SLIDE 11, 13, 19: Reimann, C., Demetriades, A., Birke, M., Filzmoser P., O’Connor, P., Halamic, J., Ladenberger, A. & the GEMAS Project Team, 2014. Distribution of elements/parameters in agricultural and grazing land soil of Europe. Chapter 11 In: C. Reimann, M. Birke, A. Demetriades, P. Filzmoser & P. O’Connor (Editors), Chemistry of Europe's agricultural soils – Part A : Methodology and interpretation of the GEMAS data set. Geologisches Jahrbuch (Reihe B 102), Schweizerbarth, 101-472. SLIDE 12: Johnson, C.C., Ander, E.L., Cave, M.R. and Palumbo-Roe, B., 2012. Normal background concentrations (NBCs) of contaminants in English soils: Final project report. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/12/035, 40 pp. SLIDE 16: Appleton, J.D., Cave M.R., Scheib, A. and Wragg, J., 2012. Modelling lead bioaccessibility in urban topsoils based on data from Glasgow, London, Northampton and Swansea, UK. Accepted for publication in Environmental Pollution. SLIDE 17: Department for Communities and Local Government, Indices of Deprivation 2010. ONS Super Output Area Boundaries.

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