Bell Ringer

1. Bell Ringer 10/18 (Date your paper) Answer the prompt in your notes: When writing formally, what do you find most challenging? Why?

2. Poetry Unit Take Notes!

3. Essay Question • How does the poet’s stylistic choices (rhyme scheme, figurative language, literary devices) contribute the overall structure, meaning, and impact of the poem? • After reading poems by Bryant, Poe, Dickinson, and Frost, write an essay that describes how the author’s style and use of literary devices effect the presentation and meaning of the poem and addresses the question. Support your discussion with evidence from the text.

4. Aesthetic • pertaining to the value of art for its own sake, concerned with the appreciation of beauty • We hired Susan as our interior decorator because she has such a fine aesthetic sense.

5. Literary Device • A particular word pattern or combination of words used in a literary work to evoke a desired effect or arouse a desired reaction in the reader

6. Rhyme Scheme • the repetition of identical or similar concluding syllables in different words, most often at the ends of lines • describes the pattern of end rhymes. Rhyme schemes are mapped out by noting patterns of rhyme with small letters: the first rhyme sound is designated a, the second becomes b, the third c, and so on…

7. Parallelism • Figure of balance identified by a similarity in the syntactical structure of a set of words in successive phrases, clauses, sentences; successive words, phrases, clauses with the same or very similar grammatical structure Not Parallel: 
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle. Parallel: 
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle. "...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”- Abraham Lincoln

8. Juxtaposition • Placing of two items side by side to create a certain effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose

9. Juxtaposition

10. Alliteration The repetition of the same initial letter, sound, or group of sounds in a series of words. Alliteration includes tongue twisters. Examples: • Suzie sells seashells by the seashore. • Soldier’s Shoulder • Rubber baby-buggy bumpers

11. Personification • attribution of human qualities or capacities to non-human objects or to abstractions Example: "To the fans in Chicago, St. Louis and Atlanta, I wanna say 'thank you' for your support. Your chanting of 'B-r-u-u-u-c-e' as I entered the game always gave me chills. I wish I could trot out there and get that feeling again, but Father Timehas caught up with me. First he took my arm, then he took my hair, then he took the color from my beard. But he cannot take the great friendships and memories I have from being a baseball player." -- Bruce Sutter, Baseball Hall of Fame Induction Address

12. Personification • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKexdSZNiLc&feature=player_embedded

13. Comparisons • Simile - A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as • Metaphor- is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, without using the word like or as • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIBdDiPi-o0&feature=related

14. Hyperbole • deliberate exaggeration of a person, thing, quality, event to emphasize a point external to the object of exaggeration; Examples: • My teacher is so old that she knew Shakespeare personally and her wrinkles weigh more than she does. • My dog is so ugly that we have to pay the fleas to live on him.

15. Making an Inference • is using clues from the text and your own knowledge and experience to figure out what the author is trying to tell you. • This broad definition connects inferring to other active reading skills, such as making predictions and making connections, and allows you to focus on how your detective work can help you make sense of a text. • The sky looks gray and cloudy. What can you infer about this statement? • Greg is shy, but his brother is gregarious. What can you infer about the meaning of “gregarious”?

16. Imagery • Sensory details in a work; the use of figurative language to evoke a feeling, call to mind an idea, or describe an object. Imagery involves any or all of the five senses

17. Six Types of Imagery • Visual imagery - something seen in the mind's eye • Auditory imagery - represents a sound • Gustatory imagery - a taste • Tactile imagery – touch • Organic imagery - internal sensation: hunger, thirst, fatigue, fear • Kinesthetic imagery - movement or tension

18. Onomatopoeia • A word capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes, such as buzz or hiss • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR3zqPSu67o&feature=related

19. Allusion • A brief reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or literature Example: Chocolate is Kelly’s Achilles’ heel. “Achilles’ heel” refers to a weakness a person possesses. In Greek Mythology, this refers to Achilles’ only vulnerable spot, where an arrow strikes and leads to his death

20. Allusion to Hamlet • The Lion King has many allusions to Hamlet. When Simba is born to Mufasa, Scar realizes he will lose his chance at the crown unless Mufasa dies, so he kills him. Simba runs away, leaving the kingdom under his uncle's rule. Only when he is visited by the ghost of Mufasa does he return to kill his uncle. These events also occur in Shakespeare’s Hamlet.

21. Symbol • is a person, place, thing, or event that stands for something beyond itself. • In poetry symbols are useful because they allow the poet to communicate complex ideas and feeling in only a few words.

22. Symbolism Example Harry Potter One clear symbol is a commonly used one—the use of the snake to represent evil. It is no coincidence that the symbol of Slytherin House is a serpent.

23. What can be a symbol? • An object • Picture • Written word • Sound • Numerals • Language Apple $1.42 Chair I, II, III, IV, V