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THE GREAT DEPRESSION

THE GREAT DEPRESSION. BRITAIN AND FRANCE OWE UNITED STATES FOR WAR SUPPLIES GERMANY OWES BRITAIN AND FRANCE WAR REPARATIONS UNITED STATES AND EUROPE RAISE TARIFFS CANADIAN FACTORIES CAN’T SELL PRODUCTS CANADA HAS DIFFICULTY SELLING 1928 WHEAT CROP

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THE GREAT DEPRESSION

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  1. THE GREAT DEPRESSION • BRITAIN AND FRANCE OWE UNITED STATES FOR WAR SUPPLIES • GERMANY OWES BRITAIN AND FRANCE WAR REPARATIONS • UNITED STATES AND EUROPE RAISE TARIFFS • CANADIAN FACTORIES CAN’T SELL PRODUCTS • CANADA HAS DIFFICULTY SELLING 1928 WHEAT CROP • AS STOCKSDECLINE PEOPLETRY TO SELLWHILE THEY ARESTILL WORTHSOMETHING

  2. OCTOBER 1929 STOCK MARKETS CRASH • FIRST SEEN AS TEMPORARY FLUCTUATION • MACKENZIE-KING ANNOUNCES AID FOR FARMERS BUT NOTHING FOR PROVINCES LED BY CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENTS • KING LOSES 1930 ELECTION TO BENNETT • BENNETT WANTS TO FIGHT HISWAY INTO FOREIGN MARKETS • LARGE TARIFFS • $20 MILLION FOR MAKE-WORKPROJECTS • PROMOTES EMPIRE-BASED TRADESYSTEM IN BRITAIN • SEEKS ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAYDEAL WITH UNITED STATES • CREATES BANK OF CANADA, 1934 • DEPRESSION JUST GETS WORSE R.B. BENNETT PRIME MINISTER 1930-1935

  3. RELIEF • MADE TO BE HUMILIATING • LINE UP IN PUBLIC • DECLARE THAT YOU ARE DESTITUTE AND DON’T OWN A CAR, RADIO OR TELEPHONE • MUST FIRST BE IN ARREARS ON UTILITIES AND RENT • RECEIVED VOUCHERS INSTEAD OF CASH • SOME PLACES REQUIRED THOSE ON RELIEF TO WORK FOR THEIR BENEFITS • BOON-DOGGLING • BREAKING ROCKS FOR ROADS • SWEEPING STREETS • CUTTING WOOD • RELIEF DELIVERED AND PARTIALLY FUNDED BY MUNICIPALITIES • STRICT RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS PREVENTED NEWCOMERS FROM GETTING HELP • IMMIGRANTS COULD BE DEPORTED IF TAKING RELIEF • 30,000 WERE DEPORTED FROM 1930 TO 1935

  4. RELIEF • BY 1932 1.5 MILLION CANADIANS (15%) WERE ON RELIEF • GOVERNMENTS WERE CONCERNED ABOUT UNEMPLOYED SINGLE MEN • RIPE FOR REVOLUTION • SOME PLACES REQUIRED THOSE ON RELIEF TO WORK FOR THEIR BENEFITS • BOON-DOGGLING • BREAKING ROCKS FOR ROADS • SWEEPING STREETS • CUTTING WOOD • RELIEF DELIVERED AND PARTIALLY FUNDED BY MUNICIPALITIES • STRICT RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS PREVENTED NEWCOMERS FROM GETTING HELP • IMMIGRANTS COULD BE DEPORTED IF TAKING RELIEF • 30,000 WERE DEPORTED FROM 1930 TO 1935

  5. NEW POLITICAL PARTIES – NEW APPROACHES • SOCIAL CREDIT • ARGUES FOR GOVERNMENTSUBSIDY TO INDIVIDUALS TOCOVER THE DIFFERENCE BETWEENTHE COSTS OF THE PRODUCER ANDTHE PRICES DEMANDED OF THECONSUMER – ‘SOCIAL CREDIT’ • FORM GOVERNMENT IN ALBERTAIN 1935 UNDER WILLIAM‘BIBLE BILL’ ABERHART • GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS FOUNDTO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL • TRIES TO IMPOSE GOVERNMENTCENSORSHIP OF NEWS MEDIA • ALSO RULED TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL • SOCIAL CREDIT EVENTUALLY REIGNS IN ALBERTA IN THE GUISE OF A TRADITIONAL CONSERVATIVE PARTY WILLIAM ‘BIBLE BILL’ ABERHART

  6. CANADIAN COMMONWEALTH FEDERATION • SOCIALISTS OF VARIOUS TYPES HADBEEN ACTIVE IN CANADA FOR YEARS,EVEN GETTING ELECTED TOPARLAIMENT • THEY DID NOT WORK TOGETHERUNTIL THE DEPRESSION • LABOUR M.P. J.S. WOODSWORTHCONVINCED RIVAL LABOUR PARTIESAND OTHER GROUPS TO FORM THECOOPERATIVE COMMONWEALTHFEDERATION • INITIAL SUCCESS INCLUDED FORMINGTHE OPPOSITION IN B.C. AND SASK. • DENOUNCED BY THE CATHOLICCHURCH AS A THREAT TO THE FAITH, THE CCF ALSO FACED THE OPPOSITION OF THE CANADIAN COMMUNIST PARTY WHO SAW THEM AS RIVALS AT CROSS-PURPOSES • CCF SUCCESS SLOWS BY MID 1930s J.S. WOODSWORTH

  7. ELECTION OF 1935 • VOTERS ARE SPLIT BETWEEN BETWEEN NEW PARTIES AND THE CONSERVATIVES • MACKENZIE-KINGs LIBERALS WIN A MAJORITY WITH THE SAME NUMBER OF VOTES THAT DEFEATED THEM IN 1930 • 171 LIBERALS, 39 CONSERVATIVES, 17 SOCIAL CREDIT, 7 CCF • LIBERAL GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES • PUT BANK OF CANADA UNDER GOV’T CONTROL • MAKE CBC MORE INDEPENDENT • STARTS TRANS-CANADA AIRLINES (AIR CANADA) • PURVIS COMMISSION TO INVESTIGATE UNEMPLOYMENT • PURVISCOMMISSIONRECOMMENDS20 MILLION INECONOMYINVESTMENT LOCKHEED 10A ELECTRA OF TRANS-CANADA AIRLINE 1937

  8. ROWELL-SIROIS COMMISSION • MACKENZIE-KING GIVES 1 MILLION OF THE 20 RECOMMENDED BY PURVIS BUT DOES SET UP ANOTHER COMMISSION TO LOOK INTO THE DISPARITY IN RESOURCES BETWEEN THE 9 PROVINCES • ROWELL-SIROIS COMMISSION • FACING WIDE-SPREAD OPPOSITION THE COMMISSION DOESN’T PRODUCE A REPORT UNTIL 1940. IT CALLED FOR: • FEDERAL GOV’T TO PROVIDE RELIEF TO UNEMPLOYED • FEDERAL GOV’T TO TAKE OVER PROVINCIAL DEBT • PROVINCES GIVE UP FEDERAL SUBSIDY AND CERTAIN FORMS OF TAXATION (FEDS TO TAX INSTEAD) • PROVINCES TO RECEIVE ‘NATIONAL ADJUSTMENT GRANT’

  9. QUEBEC’S DUPLESSIS SPEAKS FOR MOST PREMIERS WHEN HE REJECTS THE PLAN: • "A government with no control over its sources of revenue has only phantom powers, restricted by the interests of those who control, collect and distribute thepublic's funds. It is thegovernment of an occupiedcountry, of an enslavedpeople." • MOST PROPOSALSREQUIRE PROVINCIALASSENT UNDER THECONSTITUTION • MACKENZIE-KINGSHELVED REPORT BUTIMPLEMENTED SOMEPARTS WITH HISPOWERS UNDER THEWAR MEASURES ACT LEFT: MAURICE DUPLESSIS OF QUEBEC, RIGHT: MITCH HEPBURN OF ONTARIO

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