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Welcome to MT 140 Unit 2 – Foundations of Management. Cynthia Cherry. Unit 2 Outcomes. Identify significant past and current management theories Describe the business organization as an open system Identify the role of internal and external environmental factors in business.
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Welcome to MT 140Unit 2 – Foundations of Management Cynthia Cherry
Unit 2 Outcomes • Identify significant past and current management theories • Describe the business organization as an open system • Identify the role of internal and external environmental factors in business
Businesses are open systems INPUTS Raw Materials Services Equipment Capital Information Products Services OUTPUTS Organization Bateman/Snell: Management
The External Environment Bateman/Snell: Management
Competitive Environment • Who is the competition? • How do they compete? • What are competitors doing?
Barriers to Market Entry • Government Policy • Capital Requirements • Brand Identification • Cost Disadvantages • Distribution Channels
Substitutes and Complements • Substitutes: a potential threat • Complements: a potential opportunity
Management Theories • Classical • Behavioral • Systems • Contingency
Classical Approach • Late 1800’s • “One best way” • Task definition • Dividing and simplifying tasks • Frederick Taylor, Fayol, etc. • Our current POLC is derived from Henri Fayol’s Theory circa 1917!
Behavioral Approach • Early 1900’s • Need to understand people attitudes and behaviors • Hawthorne Experiment
Systems Approach • 1930-1940 • Organization is a set of interrelated parts that can be managed as a whole • Inputs, transformation, output, feedback • W. Edward Deming • Continuous improvement and process control
Contingency Approach • 1960’s • “It depends”
Unit 2 Assignments • Reading, Chapter 2 • Discussion Question • Assignment • Review