Grammar Week Review

1. Grammar Week Review Ms. Dymek

2. TO REVIEW… Circle the SUBJECT in the Sentence. Underline the VERB/PREDICATE. The alien picked his nose. SUBJECT=Alien VERB/PREDICATE=picked

3. REMEMBER… • A Subject is the person, place, or thing DOING the action. • A Verb is something you can DO.

4. Identify the subjects and verbs of each sentence Circle the subject. Underline the verbs. 1. Celine Dion sings really high notes. 2. Wayne ate the pepperoni quiche. 3. I had to go to the grocery store to buy cottage cheese.

5. How did you do? 1. Celine Dion sings really high notes. 2. Wayneate the pepperoni quiche. 3. I had to go to the grocery store to buy cottage cheese.

6. What about in these sentences? • Celine Dion and Mariah Carey sing really high notes. • Wayne and Dwayne ate the pepperoni quiche. • Sheila and I had to leave the party and drive to McDonalds.

7. How did you do? • Celine Dion and Mariah Carey sing really high notes. • Wayne and Dwayneate the pepperoni quiche. • Sheila and I had to leave the party and drive to McDonalds.

8. Compound Subjects and Verbs Compound Subject means that MORE THAN ONE NOUN (person, place, or thing) is doing the action. Ex. Wayne and Dwayneate the pepperoni quiche. Compound Verb means that there is MORE THAN ONE ACTION. Ex. Wayne atethe pepperoni quicheand puked.

9. Identify the compound subjects and compound verbs in each sentence • Francine and Henrietta couldn’t sleep because of Gertrude’s snoring at the slumber party. • Francine went to lunch and ate her Cheetos, but Henrietta had detention. • Gertrude and Henrietta had to clean and polish the silver while Francine made tea and sat outside.

10. How did you do?? • Francine and Henrietta couldn’t sleep because of Gertrude’s snoring at the slumber party. • Francine went to lunch and ate her Cheetos, but Henrietta had detention. • Gertrude and Henrietta had to clean and polish the silver while Francine made tea and sat outside.

11. Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences • Simple sentence has one independent clause. • Compound sentence joins together two or more independent clauses • Clauses joined by FANBOYS • Complex sentence joins together at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clause • always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.

12. Identify the different sentences • After they clipped their coupons, Francine, Gertrude, and Henrietta went to the movies. • Gertrude, who cannot hear very well, talked very loudly throughout the entire movie. • Francine and Henrietta got really mad at Gertrude. • Gertrude did not understand why Francine and Henrietta got mad at her, but she enjoyed the movie anyway. • Francine and Henrietta were relieved when Gertrude went to get popcorn.

13. How did you do?? • After they clipped their coupons, Francine, Gertrude, and Henrietta went to the movies. COMPLEX • Gertrude, who cannot hear very well, talked very loudly throughout the entire movie. COMPLEX • Francine and Henrietta got really mad at Gertrude. SIMPLE • Gertrude did not understand why Francine and Henrietta got mad at her, but she enjoyed the movie anyway. COMPOUND • Francine and Henrietta were relieved when Gertrude went to get popcorn. COMPLEX

14. Combine the following sentence. First into a compound, then into a complex sentence. • a. Gertrude sat on the bench. b. Gertrude sat in gum. 2. a. Francine went to buy a feather boa. b. The store was out of boas. 3. a. Henrietta could not get her hair dry. b. Her electricity was out. c. She wore a bright pink hat.

15. Compound Sentences • Gertrude sat on the bench, and she sat in gum. • Francine went to buy a feather boa, but the store was out of them. • Henrietta could not get her hair dry, for the electricity was out, so she wore a bright pink hat. What are the yellow words? Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

16. Complex Sentences • When Gertrude sat on the bench, she sat in gum. • Although Francine went to buy a feather boa, the store was out of them. • Henrietta, who wore a bright pink hat, could not get her hair dry when the electricity was out. What are the purple words? SUBORDINATOR= because, since, after, although, or when RELATIVE PRONOUN = that, who, which.

17. What’s wrong with this sentence? Trying to take a nap, the television was on while Casey shut her eyes. What is the modifier? Trying to take a nap What is being modified? Casey How does this need to be rewritten? Trying to take a nap, Casey shut her eyes while the television was on.

18. Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers Modifiers (just like adjectives) are meant to describe a noun in the sentence. Sometimes… Modifiers are not placed appropriately OR There may not be anyone/thing to receive the modifying OR they are too far away from the noun they are describing This leads to an unclear and silly sounding sentence…and we wouldn’t want that, of course.

19. For Example… Sizzling on the grill, Theo smelled the salmon. What is your modifier? Sizzling on the grill Now ask yourself this…WHO OR WHAT IS DOING THIS SIZZLING ON THE GRILL? Theo? No! The salmon is! How can this be revised so Theo is not the one sizzling on the grill? (Ouch!) Theo smelled the salmon sizzling on the grill. OR Sizzling on the grill, the salmon was smelled by Theo.

20. Revise the following sentences for clarity by rearranging the placement of the modifiers • The living room was a disaster, not having realized that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day. • Having bought the puppy chow, it needed to be locked in the pantry. • Piled up next to the front door, Casey loved chewing on the shoes. I LOVE SHOES!

21. How did you do? The living room was a disaster, not having realized that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day. What’s the modifier? not having realized that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day What’s being modified? WE DON’T KNOW! Who or what is doing the realizing? How can this be revised? The living room was a disaster because we did not realize that Casey had been out of her kennel for the entire day.

22. How did you do? Having bought the puppy chow, it needed to be locked in the pantry. What’s the modifier? Having bought the puppy chow Who or what is being modified? WE DON’T KNOW! We do not know how bought the puppy chow or who is going to be locking it in the pantry! How can this be revised? Having bought the puppy chow, I needed to lock it in the pantry.

23. How did you do? Piled up next to the front door, Casey loved chewing on the shoes. What is the modifier? Piled up next to the front door Who or what is being modified? SHOES (Casey is not piled up next to the front door. Duh.) Casey loved chewing on the shoes piled up next to the front door. YOU DON’T KNOW ME!!

24. Other Types of Modifiers Does this sound weird to you? The magazine is wrinkled from shower steam on the bathroom floor. Where is this magazine? On the bathroom floor HOWEVER…this sentence says that the STEAM is on the bathroom floor. How can this be revised? The magazine on the bathroom floor is wrinkled from shower steam.

25. Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers Prepositional Phrases tell you either: How, When, or Where (ADV) OR Which one? (ADJ) Before class, Rudolph begged his friends for a pencil. When did Rudolph do his begging? Before class The note from George confessed that he had eaten the leftover pizza. Which note? The one from George (ADJECTIVE) Just a head’s up—you will NEVER find the subject of the sentence in the prepositional phrase

26. Revise these sentences for clarity by rearranging the prepositional phrases and what they modify • Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg on the back of an envelope. • The two sisters were reunited after 18 years at the checkout counter. • One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas.

27. How did you do? 1. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg on the back of an envelope. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address on the back of an envelope while traveling from Washington to Gettysburg. 2. The two sisters were reunited after 18 years at the checkout counter. The two sisters were reunited at the checkout counter after 18 years. 3. One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas. (How the elephant got in my pajamas, I’ll never know.) One morning, while in my pajamas, I shot an elephant.

28. Participles Participles come in two varieties: past and present. They are two of the five forms or principal parts that every verb has. Another way of saying present participle is present progressive, or that it is currently happening. It will always end with –ing 100% of the time.

29. Participles Participles have 3 functions: • As part of a verb • As an adjective • As a noun AS A VERB EXAMPLE: With a broom, Mrs. Olsen was beating our alligator over the head in an attempt to retrieve her poodle from the reptile’s jaws. Was = helping verb; beating = present participle. AS AN ADJECTIVE EXAMPLE: The crying baby drew a long breath and sucked in a spider crouching in the corner of the crib. Which baby? The crying baby. Which spider? The one that was crouching in the corner. EXAMPLE AS A NOUN: We gave bungee jumping a chance.

30. Underline the Participles • The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Janet had taken another spill on her mountain bike. • Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done. • Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator Chow, crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a bowl. • Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom date's powder blue tuxedo.

31. How did you do? • The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Janet had taken another spill on her mountain bike. • Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done. • Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator Chow, crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a bowl. • Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom date's powder blue tuxedo.

32. Pronouns and Antecedents Pronouns can replaced another noun. Antecedent is what the pronoun refers to. Examples: Casey is a yellow lab. Sheis my brother’s dog. Casey=Antecedent She=Pronoun Harry Potteris a popular series. They are my favorite books.

33. Pronouns and Antecedents When writing, we have to make sure that pronouns and antecedents agree. They must agree in the following ways: • Personrefers to the quality of being. • Numberis singular (one) and plural (many). • Genderis masculine or feminine.

34. Example: Incorrect: If a person wants to be successful, you have to eat lots of spinach. The pronoun (you) and the antecedent (person) do not match. Correct: If a person wants to be successful, he or she has to eat lots of spinach. OR If you want to be successful, you have to eat lots of spinach.

35. Choose the best way to revise the following sentences to show agreement between a pronoun and its antecedent. Some may already be correct. • Is everyone happy with their gift? • One of the boys had tears in their eyes. • Everyone has his or her own way of organizing. • A person needs to learn how to read or you will not do very well in school.

36. How did you do? • Is everyone happy with their gift? INCORRECT everyone/his or her • One of the boys had tears in their eyes. INCORRECT One/his 3. Everyone has his or her own way of organizing. CORRECT • A person needs to learn how to read or you will not do very well in school. INCORRECT Person/he or she OR you/you

37. Active Voice How dare you! I would never! The subject is doing the verb Example: Casey is tearing up the pillow. (Pillow is our direct object)

38. So…What’s Passive Voice? The direct object becomes the subject. Active Voice: Casey is tearing up the pillow Passive Voice:The pillow is being torn up by Casey. Passive voice is not typically used because it may be unclear; however, there are times when it is the better choice.

39. Turn These Passive Voice Sentences into Active Voice Sentences • The juicy hamburger was eaten by Giorgio. • It was heard by me through the grapevine. • The 1812 Overture was written by Tchaikovsky. 4. An iguana is being held by me. 5. Frankenstein’s monster was liked by no one.

40. How Did You Do? • Giorgio ate the juicy hamburger. • I heard it through the grapevine. • Tchaikovsky wrote The 1812 Overture. • I am holding an iguana. • No one liked Frankenstein’s monster.