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VISUALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A ‘LABORATORY’

VISUALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A ‘LABORATORY’ FOR COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING AND PUBLIC HEALTH MOBILITY RESEARCH. R. Hughes, S. Turner, H. Landphair, Jodi Naderi, and Mike Manser. A Joint Venture Between The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center and the

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VISUALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A ‘LABORATORY’

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  1. VISUALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A ‘LABORATORY’ FOR COLLABORATIVE ENGINEERING AND PUBLIC HEALTH MOBILITY RESEARCH R. Hughes, S. Turner, H. Landphair, Jodi Naderi, and Mike Manser A Joint Venture Between The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center and the Center for Transportation Safety of the Texas Transportation Institute Presented at: TRB Visualization in Transportation Workshop and Symposium Salt Lake City, Utah April 2002

  2. The Challenge: Safe and accessible facilities for pedestrians and bicyclists are a necessary but not sufficient condition for increasing the perceived value of activity and the health related behaviors dependent upon that perception for their maintenance. “Overweight and obesity are among the most pressing new health challenges we face today," HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson "Overweight and obesity may soon cause as much preventable disease and death as cigarette smoking" Surgeon General David Satcher

  3. Underlying Premise: It should be possible to design the built environment in ways that are not only conducive to mobility and safety, but also in ways that are conducive to the maintenance of improved public health.

  4. This is not another road building or sidewalk improvement project. Engineering ‘know-how’ is not the sole answer. The answer will require a concerted, multi-disciplinary effort drawing upon the combined strengths of the engineering and public health disciplines.

  5. The Notion of a ‘Laboratory’ “To provide a state-of-the-art environment for conducting well controlled, collaborative research focusing on both the engineering as well as public health aspects of non-motorized travel.”

  6. TTI and HSRC CollaborationIMPROVING THE TOOLS FOR NON-MOTORIZED TRAVEL RESEARCH • 3D/4D Visualization • Ped/Bike R&D (PBIC) • Real-Time Visual Simulation • Computer Modeling • Prototype and Full Operational Evaluations

  7. Visualization in the Context of a Pedestrian Laboratory REAL WORLD PROTOTYPE EVALUATION SIMULATOR 3D/4D VISUALIZATION COMPUTER MODELS

  8. THE IDEA OF A SIMULATOR FOR PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE RESEARCH (EARLY RESEARCH FOR FHWA/FDOT)

  9. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS INTERSECTIONS • RANGE OF FACILITY TYPES • SIDEWALKS • TRAILS • CROSSWALKS • TRAFFIC CALMING TREATMENTS TRAILS AND MULTI-USE PATHS CROSSWALKS TRAFFIC CALMING SIDEWALKS

  10. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS • RANGE OF USERS • MOTORIZED • NON-MOTORIZED

  11. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS • SELECTABLE VOLUMES AND MIX • INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

  12. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS • FACILITY DESIGN (MARKINGS, WIDTH, ALIGNMENT, ETC.) • LIGHTING, ILLUMINATED AND FLASHING WARNINGS

  13. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS • TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES (BOTH CONVENTIONAL AND PROPOSED • INCLUDING ACCESSIBLE PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS (APS)

  14. SIMULATOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS, CON’T • Data Base Development • dedicated in-house capability • contractor supported • Visual display • overhead projection and projector type • flat or curved surface (screen) • helmet display (head and/or eye tracked) • display resolution, brightness, and contrast

  15. SIMULATOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS, CON’T • Auditory Simulation • 3D traffic sounds (attached to individual vehicles) • ambient noise • signals (e.g., APS) with correct locus of sound in terms of horizontal and vertical location of source and masking by traffic noise) • Performance Measurement and Analysis • sampling rates • pedestrian and traffic-specific measures of performance • on-line data reduction or post-processing

  16. Major Simulator Design Issues: • Locomotion(moving through the environment) • joystick, treadmill, pre-programmed path • viewed either inside/out (from observer’s • viewpoint or outside/in (from 3rd person • perspective as in a ‘fly over’) • Image Generation,Visual Data Base and Scene Content • number of image generation (IG) channels required • number of different ‘eye points’ required • number of independently controllable moving objects • (e.g.,pedestrians, vehicles) • rules of engagement (collision detection and • avoidance) • strict rules or stochastic/probabilistic • realism (e.g., articulation)

  17. ‘SIMNET’ (low cost,networked simulation (vehicle oriented), originally part of DARPA strategic computing initiative) • Evolved into Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) • ADST II Program (incorporating the dismounted soldier) • STRICOM • Naval Post Graduate School • Lockheed-Martin • Reality By Design • Science and Technology Objectives (STOs) • Individual Combatant & Small Unit Operations Simulation • Virtual Environments for Dismounted Soldier Simulation,Training,and Mission Rehearsal DoD “Tech Base” HelmetDisplay Virtual Weapon Omni-Directional Treadmill

  18. DOT Simulation and Modeling ‘Tech Base’ Vehicle Simulation NADS FHWA Turner-Fairbank University/Industry Traffic Modeling (e.g., Corsim, NetSim, VisSim, etc . . . Predomantly vehicle oriented) Computer Aided Design (CAD) And Visualization 3D models, animation, 3D/4D visualization,etc. (mostly facility oriented)

  19. Real time avi (movie) output from VisSim showing pedestrian crossing at pedestrian-actuated signal upstream from the roundabout (from NCSU Pullen Park simulation)

  20. Potential Site on TAMU Campus For Trail and Path Prototyping

  21. Determining Most Appropriate Research Setting PBIC Pedestrian Research Needs PBIC Bicycle Research Needs Suitability of Research Setting Identification of Research-Specific Simulator Requirements

  22. Ped and Bike Research Categories (Broad Areas) • Demand Management and Forecasting • Crash/Risk Analysis • Facility Evaluation • Design and Engineering (Standards & Guidelines) • Policy and Planning • Land Use and Urban Design • Enforcement and Education • Health and Physical Activity • ADA Issues (Ped Only)

  23. Ped and Bike Research Categories (Broad Areas) • Demand Management and Forecasting • Crash/Risk Analysis • Facility Evaluation • Design and Engineering (Standards & Guidelines) • Policy and Planning • Land Use and Urban Design • Enforcement and Education • Health and Physical Activity • ADA Issues (Ped Only)

  24. Crash/Risk Analysis (Areas of Common Ped and Bike Research Needs) • For Example: • Factors that Increase Crashes/Injuries/Risk at Trail-Roadway Intersections • Factors that Increase Crashes/Injuries/Risk at Midblock Locations

  25. Health and Physical Activity (new research needs, customers, and funding sources) • Research Needs (according to PBIC): • Variables that Influence the Amount of Routine Walking for Leisure and Transportation • Objective Measures of Walkability of Communities for Large Physical Activity Studies • Strategies to Increase Walking to School • Relationship Between Childhood Obesity and the Pedestrian and Open Space Environment • New Customers/Funding Sources: • Centers for Disease Control (CDC) • Robert Wood Johnson

  26. Importance of the ‘laboratory’ from a visualization standpoint: • Integrates 3D/4D photo-simulation/animation and real time applications. • Incorporates high speed traffic models with high resolution 3D/4D graphic outputs • Forces consideration of the commonality and/or compatibility of elements (e.g., representation of ‘traffic’) across various applications (e.g, simulator, traffic model, visualization, etc.) • Extends use of visualization (in various applications) for soliciting user ‘perceptions’ of critical design elements.

  27. THE BOTTOM LINE A ‘pedestrian friendly’ and ‘bicycle friendly’ environment provides the ‘opportunity’ for persons to walk and/or ride. . .

  28. THE BOTTOM LINE A ‘pedestrian friendly’ and ‘bicycle friendly’ environment provides the ‘opportunity’ for persons to walk and/or ride. . . But will improved opportunity be sufficient to significantly increase the level of activity of the general public?

  29. THE BOTTOM LINE ‘Opportunity,’ without a change in how one values these activities, is not likely to change public behavior.

  30. THE BOTTOM LINE ‘Opportunity,’ without a change in how one values these activities, is not likely to change public behavior. What we have yet to do is to discover how our ‘science’ and ‘technology’ can be used to affect individual and public ‘values,’ per se, and in turn be a real agent for change.

  31. FOR MORE INFORMATION Go to: http://www.hsrc.unc.edu/research/human_virtual.htm • Where you will also find: • Overview of pedestrian ‘laboratory’ concept • PBIC lists of pedestrian and bicycle research needs • Draft functional requirements for HSRC-TTI simulator • Link to download VisSim avi movie file showing roundabout application • NCDOT Visualization Guidelines • FDOT Risk Perception Study (the ‘virtual bike’ study) • Technical summary of Key West visualization effectiveness study (CD also available) • Future of simulation and modeling in the Florida DOT (strategic plan) • For more information, contact: Dr. Ron Hughes (HSRC) • 919-962-7411 (voice) • 919-962-8710 (FAX) • ron_hughes@unc.edu • For more information on the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, go to: • http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/

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