Arterial System and Blood Pressure

1. Arterial System and Blood Pressure

2. Arterial System and Blood Pressure • Arteries serve as hydraulic filter

3. Arterial System and Blood Pressure

4. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Arteries Are Compliant Tubes • Reduced compliance is a manifestation of: • ↑Collagen content • ↓Elastin content Slop = Compliance

5. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Factors that determined Arterial Blood Pressure Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

6. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Change In Stroke Volume Change in compliance

7. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Arterial pulse pressure

8. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Arterial pulse pressure • Why Pulse pressure change itself shape along the artery tree? • Likely; • Decreased compliance of distal arteries • Reflective waves, particularly from arterial branch point

9. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Pulse Wave • Speed: • Aorta 3-5 m/s • Large arteries 7 – 10 m/s • Small arteries 15 -35 m/s

10. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Effects of Pressure on Vascular Resistance and Tissue Blood Flow • The reasons: • Increases the force that pushes blood • Distends the vessels at the same time

11. Arterial System and Blood Pressure Changes in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures with age

12. Veins and Their Functions Venous Pressures: • Right Atrial Pressure (Central Venous Pressure) Regulated by a balance between • (1) The ability of the heart to pump blood out of the right atrium and ventricle into the lungs • (2) The tendency for blood to flow from the peripheral veins into the right atrium.

13. Veins and Their Functions Venous Pressures: • Peripheral Venous Pressures

14. Veins and Their Functions Reference point for circulatory pressure Specific Blood Reservoirs • Spleen (as much as 100 ml) • Liver (several hundred ml) • large abdominal veins (as much as 300) • Venous plexus beneath the skin (several hundred ml) • Heart (~ 50 -100 ml) • Lungs (~ 100 -200 ml)