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Your “Do Now” 4/11. Grab a paper from up front Read through the first part Answer the first 2 questions Be ready to share. Agenda 4/11. Turn in Circle Map & Exploring Energy & Matter paper (1 st Day) Notes #2 Revisit intro Practice problems. Ch 8 Notes #2 Macromolecules.
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Your “Do Now” 4/11 • Grab a paper from up front • Read through the first part • Answer the first 2 questions • Be ready to share
Agenda 4/11 • Turn in Circle Map & Exploring Energy & Matter paper (1st Day) • Notes #2 • Revisit intro • Practice problems
Learning Target 2) I can explain the importance of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and what foods we eat to get them
The parts of living things • Life on earth is carbon based because all living things have carbon in them.
Some key vocab terms Monomer Polymer Macromolecule Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
Monomer: one small molecule • Analogy: one LEGO brick
Polymer: several monomers joined together Analogy: chain of LEGOs
Macromolecule A large molecule made of many smaller parts
What do these words mean? Micro MACRO
The four types of macromolecules: Proteins Lipids (fats) Carbohydrates Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
Three out of the 4 types of biochemical macromolecules can be found on food nutrition labels…
Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can be found in foods. Lipids (fats) • 1____________________ • 2____________________ • 3____________________ (0 grams in this product) Carbohydrates (13 grams in this product) Protein (9 grams in this product)
NUCLEIC ACIDS The 4th type is not found on food labels Two types: DNA and RNA Nucleic acids made up of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base) Cells make nucleic acids using foods we eat
Getting energy from food Our digestive system breaks foods down to • Make energy and molecules that store energy • Making molecules that can be used by our body
Look at the foods in your cup! • Our first macromolecules are proteins • Which foods do you think are high in proteins?
PROTEINS • Importance of proteins: • Provide structurefor body parts • A source of energy • Part of the cell membrane • Oxygen transport (hemoglobin) • Enzymes: special type of protein that helps speed-up reactions.
PROTEINS Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones
PROTEINS Hair, Skin, and Nails
PROTEINS Proteins are made of chains of amino acids(polypeptides)
PROTEINS If you didn’t have enzymes in your stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in your stomach because it would take so long!
Foods that are high in proteins Chicken / turkey Fish Red meat Beans Dairy Eggs Nuts
LIPIDS (fats) • Supply long-term energy (stored in body for later use) • Make up part of the cell membrane (let things in & out of cell) • Provide insulation (keep organisms warm)
LIPIDS • Lipids are made of two parts: fatty acids and glycerol
LIPIDS from foods Donuts & cookies Cheese Grease OILS BUTTER
Take another look in your cup • Carbohydrates are up next • Which foods do you think have a lot of “carbs”
CARBOHYDRATES Main source of short-term energy for our bodies Carbohydrates are made of units of sugar Found in almost everything you eat More readily useable than lipids and proteins Get into blood stream quickly
Simple CARBOHYDRATES Glucose, sucrose (table sugar)
COOKIES and CANDY Simple Carbs. CAKES FRUITS
Complex Carbohydrates Example: Starch (not broken down as easily)
Complex CARBS-- Food examples PASTAS BREADS VEGETABLES
Energy from foods is measured in Calories. Example: If you drink a glass of skim milk, you will get a gain of 90 Calories of energy for your body.
Which type will be highest in calories? • Proteins • Carbs • Lipids
Energy Gained From Carbohydrates CARBS: 1g carbohydrates = 4 Calories.
LIPIDS 1 g = 9 Calories. Notice if you eat 1 gram of fat, you are gaining more than twice the amount of Calories than from a gram of carbohydrate or protein!
ENERGY So…
LIPIDS…Some interesting info Waterproofing... • Fruits produce a waxy coating to keep from drying out. • The cells in a tulip make a wax which helps coat the leaves. • Ear wax traps dust, sand, and other foreign particles from going deeper into the ear and causing damage. • Beeswax- a structural material to hold honey in the hive
LIPIPS…Some interesting info Steriods... There are many different types of steroids. They are all lipids. Their functions vary. Some common steroids are: SEX STEROIDS ANABOLIC STERIODS They increase muscle Like testosterone and estrogen