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Using the Digital Archive in a Research Context

Using the Digital Archive in a Research Context. Opportunities and Challenges of Participatory Digital Archives: Lessons from the March 11, 2011 Great Eastern Japan Disaster Harvard University January 24-25, 2013 Keiko Nishimura Galbraith. I am.

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Using the Digital Archive in a Research Context

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  1. Using the Digital Archive in a Research Context • Opportunities and Challenges of Participatory Digital Archives: Lessons from the March 11, 2011 Great Eastern Japan Disaster • Harvard University • January 24-25, 2013 • Keiko Nishimura Galbraith

  2. I am... • A researcher studying digital media and communication • Assisting a professor who is working on social issues in contemporary Japan • An individual who experienced 3/11

  3. As a Researcher

  4. Papers • “Social Media in Disaster Japan,” in Jeff Kingston ed. Natural Disaster and Nuclear Crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11. London: Routledge. April 7, 2012. (Co-authored with David H. Slater and Love Kindstrand.) • “Social Media, Information, and Political Activism in Japan's 3.11 Crisis,” The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 10, Issue 24, No 1. June 11, 2012. (Co-authored with David H. Slater and Love Kindstrand.) [http://www.japanfocus.org/-Nishimura-Keiko/3762]

  5. April 2012

  6. Text June 11, 2012

  7. Teaching 311 http://icc.fla.sophia.ac.jp/html/events/2012-2013/Teaching_3.11.html

  8. Social Media and 3/11

  9. Text

  10. Outline • Phase 1: First responses • Cross-platform dissemination • Phase 2: Consolidation and use of information • Rallying support • Negative effects • Phase 3: Politicization of/by social media • Emerging alternative publics through protest • The extension of the digital sphere

  11. April 2012

  12. Outline • Phase 1: First responses • Cross-platform dissemination • Phase 2: Consolidation and use of information • Rallying support • Negative effects • Phase 3: Politicization of/by social media • Emerging alternative publics through protest • The extension of the digital sphere

  13. Outline • Phase 1: First responses • Cross-platform dissemination • Phase 2: Consolidation and use of information • Rallying support • Negative effects • Phase 3: Politicization of/by social media • Emerging alternative publics through protest • The extension of the digital sphere

  14. Gathering Data • Primary data • Tweets, posted pictures, blog articles, BBS entries, and matome (summary) sites • Secondary data • Government announcements, white papers, company reports and analyses, newspaper articles, etc

  15. Objective • Phase 1: First responses • Macro view • Reconstructing “what happened” • Timeline • Posts, pictures, stories

  16. Tweets • How people on Twitter experienced the moment of the earthquake • Google Realtime Search (~July 2, 2011) • Topsy (http://topsy.com) • JD archive

  17. 3/10 10:20AM 3/10 6:02PM 3/10 5:08PM 3/10 8:21PM 3/11 7:44 AM

  18. Ishimaki, Miyagi Kyoto Shibuya, Tokyo Sendai, Miyagi Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo Tsugaru, Aomori Biwako lake, Shiga Fukushima Osaka

  19. Ishimaki, Miyagi Kyoto Shibuya, Tokyo Sendai, Miyagi Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo Tsugaru, Aomori Biwako lake, Shiga Fukushima Osaka

  20. An intensity 6 earthquake hit and my TV fell, but I’m going to bed because I’m sleepy. This is nothing for us Sendai people – we are used to earthquakes. But I’ll take pictures of the disaster before that. I think several houses might have fallen down. I hear screaming from outside. Still shaking.

  21. Findings • Timeline right before and after 3/11/11 14:47 without keyword • Early warning signs in smaller earthquakes (from the day before), automated earthquake monitoring program notified its followers • Broader areas (Kyoto, Ogasawara Islands, Biwako Lake, etc) were hit by earthquakes, ranging in intensity • Tweets were in multiple languages, at least Japanese, English and Chinese

  22. Social Media and 3/11

  23. Limitation of Social Media • Social media did not reach those in need in disaster stricken areas • Tohoku region home to many aging people • The rate of use of mobile phones among those over 70 years of age is around 30% • Archive illustrates one of the main points of our paper: limitation of social media

  24. ツイッター/Twitter

  25. Findings • Location information with map and layers becomes intuitive information • Citable to papers with screen shot

  26. As a Research Assistant

  27. Objective • Theme: 3/11 and its aftermath • Social issues (poverty, labor, welfare, social withdrawal, “lonely death,” etc)

  28. Keyword search • depression, lonely death, employment, etc • Web sites - newspaper/magazine articles, blog entries, reports from NPO/NGO • Searching through JD archive - all 3/11 related

  29. Lonely Death

  30. Depression

  31. Employment

  32. Findings • Primary data • No newspaper/magazine articles, but blogs and reports by NPO/NGO groups • Topic-specific searches may not return many results • Choosing keywords

  33. Potential Expansion? • Government information (white papers, reports, legislation, etc) • Party policies (might be a good source for voters confused about the issues) • Company reports, analyses, press releases • Academic papers and citations

  34. Future project

  35. Digitality and Materiality of remembering

  36. Scientific knowledge as affective assessment

  37. Questions • How should information be treated? • False rumors; still a record (useful to gauge everyday experience) • Harmful/discriminatory posts/comments • Online discussion and debates (Togetter, blog posts)?

  38. Thank you!kaymegu@gmail.com

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