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Internet Map Servers ( Web GIS )

Internet Map Servers ( Web GIS ). Longley et al., Chapter 11. Paper Map Publishing. User Request. Data Gathering. Data Formatting. Data Processing. Map Formatting. Map Production. User Response. Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust. Web Map Publishing. Web User Request. Web

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Internet Map Servers ( Web GIS )

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  1. Internet Map Servers( Web GIS ) Longley et al., Chapter 11

  2. Paper Map Publishing User Request Data Gathering Data Formatting Data Processing Map Formatting Map Production User Response Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  3. Web Map Publishing Web User Request Web Services Map Formatting Static Data Storage Map Production Web User Response Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  4. From Desktop to Server ArcIMS (Internet Map Server) “web mapping” “web GIS” ArcWeb - customized web GIS services ESRI Image Server ArcSDE - database storage (IBM, Oracle, Informix, Microsoft SQL Server) ArcGIS Server - “distributed GIS” (now includes ArcIMS) ESRI Tracking Server

  5. “Internet Map Server” • no data or software are transmitted • only answers to queries (based on geocoding)

  6. maps.google.com

  7. nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine

  8. answers to queries in map form, coupled with data to download simple analysis Map Server yes, but Web GIS also www.coastalatlas.net

  9. ArcIMS Architecture (ESRI 2002b)

  10. ArcIMS Components • Server-side components • ArcIMS Spatial Server • ArcIMS Application Server • ArcIMS Connectors • Web Server • Client-side components • ArcIMS HTML Viewer • ArcIMS Java Viewer • Metadata Explorer Slide courtesy of Kuuipo Walsh, OSU INR

  11. Virtual Research Vesselscallywag.science.oregonstate.edu/website/epr_html/viewer.htm

  12. COMCIscallywag.science.oregonstate.edu/website/comci/viewer.htmCOMCIscallywag.science.oregonstate.edu/website/comci/viewer.htm Virtual Oregon (Metadata Explorer)digitalcollections.library.oregonstate.edu/virtualoregon/

  13. Distributed Servers/Clients • What if the parts of a map come from different servers? • GlobeXplorer -www.globexplorer.com • map from MapQuest • image from archive • ArcMap in ArcGIS 9.x • Data from Geography Network • Mapping & analysis from YOU in ArcGIS

  14. New Geospatial Worlds • Customized apps in Desktop World • AML in the old Arc/Info • Avenue in ArcView 3.x • MDL in Intergraph • Couple all these with data • Purchase db, write customized code to geocode, get coordinate, put symbol on map • Web World is different • Embed call to web service • Send address in XML (Extensible Markup Language) or SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) • Web service itself returns location

  15. Applications Unlimited • Bridges apps on desktop, server, web, etc. (ArcWeb) • .NET - a Microsoft programming environment • Closely coupled to MS server family • MS “back-office” • OS: Windows • Env: Common Language Runtime (CLR) • Dbs/Web: ADO.NET, ASP.NET • Languages: Visual Basic, C++, C#,

  16. J2EE • J2EE - Sun’s Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition • More interoperable, works w/ many different databases, toolkits • OS: Windows, Solaris, Linux, OS X, others • Env: Java Virtual Machine (JVM) • Dbs/Web: SWING, Enterprise Java Beans, Java Server Pages, JDBC • Languages: Java, C++, C#

  17. So What About Open Source? • Four basic freedoms (The Free Software Foundation): The freedom to run the program, for any purpose. The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. • The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Access to the source code is a precondition. Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  18. GRASS GIS Open Source GIS - Server Tools mapserver.gis.umn.edu postgis.refractions.net/ R-Statistics www.r-project.org grass.itc.it GDAL/OGR (raster translator) gdal.maptools.org www.geotools.org Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  19. Open Source GIS – Server Tools • Pro’s: • Software is free, total cost is NOT free • Wider variety of platforms supported (UNIX, Linux, Windows, Mac OS) • Easier installation • Often very fast and efficient for the job • Many formats supported • Con’s: • Less out-of-the-box functionality (e.g., metadata publishing) • Lots of customized programming needed • Linking server tools together is often hard • Ability to integrate into proprietary systems is limited (i.e. can not link PostGIS database to ArcMap)

  20. Web GIS with Decision Support Web User Request Web Services Data Gathering Data Formatting Data Processing Static Data Storage Map Formatting Map Production Web User Response Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  21. Web GIS with Decision Support Web User Request Web Services Data Gathering Data Formatting Data Processing Static Data Storage Map Formatting Map Production Web User Response The Problem Is The Arrows! Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  22. Ecotrust Approach QGIS/GRASS GIS Web-Based Mapserver Fully Integrated Open-Source GIS UMN Mapserver – Making data accessible via the web. Geo-spatial server viewed through a web browser. Taking our vision to a growing audience. QGIS/GRASS GIS – Fully functional server GIS doing the heavy lifting. Runs on the server located at Ecotrust. Adding the analytical glue to make smart decisions based upon sound GIS analysis. Making GIS analysis accessible and affordable for Salmon Nation R-Statistics Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  23. Ecotrust Example - OCEAN www.ecotrust.org/knowledgesystems/ocean.html R-Statistics Chameleon (client user interface) Mapserver GDAL to pre-process data PostGIS to store vector data layers Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  24. Ecotrust Example - OCEAN www.ecotrust.org/knowledgesystems/ocean.html QGIS/GRASS - Desktop Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust

  25. Gateway to the Literature • Kolodziej, K., OGC's WMS Cookbook: Recipes for web mapping, Geospatial Solutions, 13 (10), 42-44, 2003. • Lehto, L., and L.T. Sarjakoski, Real-time generalization of XML-encoded spatial data for the Web and mobile devices, Int. J. Geog. Inf. Sci., 19 (8-9), 957-973, 2005. • Liang, S.H.L., A. Croitoru, and C.V. Tao, A distributed geospatial infrastructure for Sensor Web, Comp. Geosci, 31 (2), 221-231, 2005. • Lowe, J.W., Bone rooms, bird bodies, and biodiversity informatics, Geospatial Solutions, 14 (4), 40-45, 2004. • Scholz, A. Mertens, M., and Steinback, C., The OCEAN Framework-Modeling the linkages between marine ecology, fishing economy, and coastal communities, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, A.J., Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OSU Press, 70-90, 2005. And www.ecotrust.org/placematters • Yang, B., A multi-resolution model of vector map data for rapid transmission over the Internet, Comp. Geosci, 31, 569-578, 2005. • Yang, C., D.W. Wong, R. Yang, M. Kafatos, and Q. Li, Performance-improving techniques in web-based GIS, Int. J. Geog. Inf. Sci., 19 (3), 319-342, 2005. • Zhang, L., C. Yang, D. Liu, Y. Ren, and X. Rui, A web-mapping system for real-time visualization of the global terrain, Comp. Geosci, 31, 343-352, 2005. • Zhao, H., and B. Shneiderman, Colour-coded pixel-based highly interactive Web mapping for georeferenced data exploration, Int. J. Geog. Inf. Sci., 19 (4), 413-428, 2005.

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