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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. Another War for Independence. Jefferson’s Indian Policy. Choose 1. Assimilate and become farmers Move W. of the Mississippi Enforced idea that Americans are the enemies and British can be allies - the British limited W. expansion. Impressment.

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The War of 1812

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  1. The War of 1812 Another War for Independence

  2. Jefferson’s Indian Policy • Choose 1. Assimilate and become farmers • Move W. of the Mississippi • Enforced idea that Americans are the enemies and British can be allies - the British limited W. expansion

  3. Impressment • British navy forced citizens to join the “floating hell” • Also stopped American ships • Know as the “Press” • “Press Gangs”

  4. During a six-year period through 1810, the more than 4,500 sailors the British snatched off American vessels, included 1,361 native-born Americans, who were later freed with few apologies.

  5. Chesapeake-Leopard Incident • 1807 • US Chesapeake boarded by British Leopard • 4 men taken

  6. American Reaction • Jefferson didn’t want war! • Demanded impressment stop • GB returned 3 of 4 men • Did not stop impressment

  7. British Reaction Fearing attack from Americans they strengthened their ties with the Natives

  8. Embargo of 1807 • Jefferson’s idea • Prohibited American ships from going to any foreign port in the world • Effects 1. Economic depression 2. Merchants and ship owners of NE (Federalists) believed it was unconstitutional 3. GB didn’t budge • Congress ended Embargo right before Jefferson left office

  9. Ridiculed in the press as Dambargo, Mob-Rage, Go-bar-'em or O-grab-me (embargo spelled backward)

  10. Madison’s elected Madison was Jefferson’s Sec. of State 4th President 1809-1817

  11. Non-Intercourse Act • Passed just before Madison took office • Replaced Embargo Act • Re-opened trade with all nations except France and GB

  12. Macon’s Bill No.2 • Replaced expired Non-intercourse Act • 1810 • Re-opened trade with France and GB • Allowed President to restrict trade if they violated our shipping - France backed down - US placed embargo on GB - GB repealed it’s blockade of Europe

  13. Tecumseh William Henry Harrison

  14. Tecumseh tried to unite the tribes against the Americans • W.H. Harrison defeated Prophetstown in the battle of Tippecanoe • Supplied by the British…Indians continued to raid

  15. Warhawks demand war! John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Committee on Foreign Affairs Speaker of the House

  16. Madison's report to Congress, recommending war, said, • Under the pretext of impressing British seamen, our fellow-citizens are seized in British ports, on the high seas, and in every other quarter to which the British power extends, are taken on board British men-of-war and compelled to serve there as British subjects. In this mode our citizens are wantonly snatched from their country and their families, deprived of their liberty, and doomed to an ignominious and slavish bondage, compelled to fight the battles of a foreign country, and often to perish in them.

  17. War of 1812 Begins • June 28, 1812 • Why? - British relations w/ Indians on frontier - British impressment of American sailors - British acts at sea - War Hawk influence in Congress

  18. The Capital Burned! • August 24, 1814 • In response to US burning Canadian capital York

  19. The British Burned the White House Burned shell of the White House

  20. Dolly Madison Saved the portrait of Washington and other documents

  21. The Battle of Ft. McHenry • Baltimore Harbor • Sept 13, 1814 • GB bombed throughout the night • Flag still flying at dawn • Turning Point!!!

  22. Francis Scott Key • On a prison ship, he negotiated the release of a prisoner • Watched the battle • Wrote a poem - The Star Spangled Banner

  23. Battle of New Orleans • Jan 1815 • Andrew Jackson led - Tennesseans, Kentuckians, Creoles, Blacks, pirates, and army troops • Americans won • War was already over!

  24. Andrew Jackson became a national hero due to Battle at New Orleans!

  25. Hartford Convention • New England Federalists in response to war • Reintroduced idea of nullification • Demanded amendments to Constitution to protect New England from South and West • Wanted to secede from the Union • Results - End of Federalist Party!!! - no demands met > war was already over

  26. Members of the Convention are viewed as British Sympathizers

  27. Treaty of Ghent • Dec 24, 1814 • Restored relations between GB and America to status quo before the war - restored pre war boundaries - released prisoners • Opened land for settlement • No territorial gains!

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