Secure Message Transmission in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

1. Secure Message Transmission in Mobile Ad hoc Networks Kobra Naalbandi & Zeinab Varamini University of Science and Technology Mazandaran, Distributed Systems Class Seminar, Supervisor: Hadi Salimi zvaramini@ustmb.ac.ir and kamiri@ustmb.ac.ir

2. Outline • Preparation • Motivation • What is mobile ad hoc networks • Features of MANET • Applications of MANET • Vulnerabilities of MANET • Attack Types in MANET • Secure Message Transmission • Secure routing discovery protocols • Secure Transmitting Protocols • Summary • Reference Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

3. Motivation • In the next generation of wireless communication systems, there will be a need for the rapid deployment of independent mobile • Such network scenarios cannot rely on centralized and organized connectivity, and can be termed as wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

4. What is Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) • A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a system of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically self-organize in arbitrary and temporary network topologies • In the mobile ad hoc network, nodes can directly communicate with all the other nodes within their radio ranges;whereas nodes that not in the direct communication range use intermediate node(s) to communicate with each other Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

5. Example of Mobile Ad hoc networks C F B A D E

6. Features of MANET • Unreliability of wireless links between nodes. • Constantly changing topology. • No Fixed Routing/Forwarding Infrastructure • MANETs don't have a fixed infrastructure(such as BTS) that nodes can rely on for forwarding messages. This is the main reason why the design and operation of such networks is challenging Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

7. Applications of MANET • emergency deployments • search and rescue missions • military operations • commercial applications Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

8. Vulnerabilities of MANET • Lack of Secure Boundaries • there is not such a clear secure boundary in the mobile ad hoc network, which can be compared with the clear line of defense in the traditional wired network • Threats from Compromised nodes Inside the Network • Since mobile nodes that can join or leave the network with freedom, it is hard for the nodes themselves to prevent the possible malicious behaviors from all the nodes it communicate with . • Furthermore, because of the mobility of the ad hoc network, a compromised node can frequently change its attack target and perform malicious behavior to different node in the network Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

9. Vulnerabilities of MANET(cont.) • Lack of Centralized Management Facility • Ad hoc networks do not have a centralized piece of management machinery such as a name server, which lead to some vulnerable problems • Restricted Power Supply • the nodes in the mobile ad hoc network need to consider the restricted battery power, which will cause several problems: • denial-of-service attacks • a node in the mobile ad hoc network may behave in a selfish manner when it finds that there is only limited power supply, and the selfishness can cause some problems when there is a need for this node to cooperate with other nodes to support some functions in the network Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

10. Vulnerabilities of MANET (cont.) • Scalability • the scale of the ad hoc network keeps changing all the time: because of the mobility of the nodes in the mobile ad hoc network, you can hardly predict how many nodes there will be in the network in the future Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

11. Attack Types in MANET • Denial of Service (DoS) • the DoS attacks are carried out by flooding some kind of network traffic to the target so as to exhaust the processing power of the target and make the services provided by the target become unavailable • Impersonation • if there is not such a proper authentication mechanism among the nodes, the adversary can capture some nodes in the network and make them look like benign nodes Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

12. Attack Types in MANET (cont.) • Eavesdropping • The goal of eavesdropping is to obtain some confidential information that should be kept secret during the communication. • Attacks Against Routing • Blackhole: a malicious node uses the routing protocol to advertise itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept • Wormhole:In a worm hole attack,two malicious collaborating nodes which are connected through a private network,can record packets at one location in the network and tunnel them to another location Through the private network and retransmits them into the network Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

13. Attack Types in MANET (cont.) • Routing table overflow: the attacker attampts to creat routes to nonexistent nodes.The goal Is to creat enough routes to prevent new routes from being created or to overwhelm the protocol implementation • Flooding Attack • exhaust network resources, overall bandwidth, and individual nodes resources of computational and battery power • Countermeasures • Calculate rate of neighbors RREQs, block if they exceed threshold • Can not stop flooding below threshold and could block valid node if A is spoofing real nodes. • Use statistical analysis to detect varying rates of flooding Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

14. Secure Message Transmission • a secure routing protocol is a prerequisite for an effective secure data-forwarding scheme • So we Concentrate on secure routing protocol Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

15. Categorization of Secure Routing Protocol for secure transmission • Secure routing discovery protocols • Table – Driven : • Secure Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (SAODV) • SEAD • WRP • WAR • On – Demand • DSR • ARIADNE • ZRP • Authenticated Routing for Ad-hoc Networks (ARAN) • Security-Aware ad hoc Routing (SAR) • Secure Routing Protocol (SRP) • Secure Link State Routing Protocol (SLSP) • Secure Transmitting Protocols • Secure message transmission(SMT) • Secured Data based MultiPath (SDMP) Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

16. Secure Routing Protocol (SRP) • Assume a shared secret key between the source node and the destination node • Verification of the route request/reply packet using MAC (Message Authentication Code) • Identities of intermediate nodes accumulated in the route request packet Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

17. Secure Message Transmission (SMT) Protocol • As we khonw MANET is a unknown network because of changing topology and existence of Malicious and selfish nodes that want to disturb action of Network. • So MANET is insecure NET by defination • There is a question that is : How can we set up a reliable connection between Source and Destination????????????????? Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

18. SMT phases • Phas1: Find at least one path through the network from S to D D S Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

19. SMT phases (cont.) • Finding Path between S and D is Done By protocols like Secure Routing Protocol (SRP) • In this protocol we need more than one path : We want an Active Path Set (APS) that show the secure existence path. Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

20. SMT phases (cont.) • Phase 2 : Transmit a message from S to D • Node A is Attacker D A S Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

21. SMT phases (cont.) • Attacker (A) can • manipulate, fake or drop messages • manipulate or block route • wait for the best opportunity or do nothing A D S Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

22. SMT phases (cont.) • Phase 2 consist of this stages Transmite via different path Dispersed messages Original message Add redundancy Encoding Note : the number of dispersed messages is base on number of finded secure path in APS Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

23. SMT phases (cont.) • Phase3 : APS adaptation • As the source transmits the dispersed messages across the APS, it updates the ratings of the utilized paths based on the feedback (or its absence) provided by the destination • For each successful or failed piece, the rating of the corresponding path is increased or decreased Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

24. SMT (cont.) • SMT can operate with any underlying routing protocol, although the use of a secure protocol is essential to reap the benefits of SMT • SMT is independent of the route discovery process • non-operational and possibly compromised routes are unambiguously detected at the source node, so that newly determined routes can be entirely different from previously utilized and discarded routes • the message dispersion ensures successful reception even if a fraction of the message pieces is lost or corrupted, either due to the existence of malicious nodes, or due to the unavailability of routes Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

25. Summary • Discover a secure routing protocol that can tolerate all attacks againts network is a subject that can be work on it • More over secure routing protocol we need algorithms such as SMT that could work in network with maliculiose node Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

26. Reference • Dr. Harsh Sadawarti and Anuj K. Gupta, Member, IAENG" Secure Routing Techniques for MANETs" International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, October2009. • Wenjia Li and Anupam Joshi"Security Issues in Mobile AdHoc Networks- A Survey" Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland, Baltimore County. • Panagiotis Papadimitratos, Zygmunt J. Haas"Secure message transmission in mobile ad hoc networks"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Cornell University,2003. • Sarat Sreepathi, Vamsi Venigalla, Akshay Lal ,”A Survey Paper on Security Issues Pertaining to Ad-Hoc Networks “,CSC 574 Information Systems Security Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

27. Questions ? Secure Message in Mobile Ad hoc Networks