1 / 25

Embryology and Reproduction

Embryology and Reproduction. Embryology. Zygote When male gamete fertilizes female gamete Gametes fuse, making one new cell with chromosomes from both parents Zygote will divide into 2 new cells…each of those into 4 and so on… Cleavage  division of embryonic cells to form two new cells

yannis
Download Presentation

Embryology and Reproduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Embryology and Reproduction

  2. Embryology • Zygote • When male gamete fertilizes female gamete • Gametes fuse, making one new cell with chromosomes from both parents • Zygote will divide into 2 new cells…each of those into 4 and so on… • Cleavage  division of embryonic cells to form two new cells • Genetic material is copied before each cleavage • Blastula • Hollow ball of cells • Gastrula • When blastula implants itself on the uterine wall (to get nourishment from mother) • Ball of cells composed of three layers “GERM LAYERS” (undifferentiated) • Differentiation begins…

  3. Stages of Embryo Development • Male gamete fertilizes female gamete • Formation of Zygote • Zygote cells divide into… • Morula • Dense ball of 64 cells • Blastula/blastocyst • Hollow ball made up of a single layer of cells • Implants onto the female organ called the UTERUS • Gastrula • When 3 germ layers begin to differentiate • Fetus • Organogenesis has occurred

  4. Stages of Early Development • Implantation • When blastocyst secretes enzymes that digest the soft tissue of the ENDOMETRIUM, the lining of the uterus and implants on the uterine wall of the mother • After implantation, DIFFERENTIATION can occur • Gastrulation • When the 3 germ layers form in the embryo • Cells in blastocyst begin to differentiate into 3 germ layers • Blastocyst now becomes a GASTRULA • Neuralation • Development of the nervous system • Mesoderm tissue develops into the NOTOCHORD which becomes SPINAL CORD with an enlarged end that eventually becomes the BRAIN

  5. Gastrula • Germ layers • Differentiation the process by which a cell develops in different ways to perform different functions…begins with the forming of three germ layers • Ectoderm • Outer layer • Forms skin, nerves and sense organs • Mesoderm • Middle layer • Forms bones, muscles and connective tissue • Endoderm • Inner layer • Forms digestive system and lungs

  6. Embryo becomes a Fetus when… • When the structures of the developing embryo have become distinguished • Cells have differentiated into their permanent role in that organism • This occurs during first trimester

  7. Stages of Fetal Development

  8. Important Glands that Regulate The Release of Gametes Male Female Pituitary gland and the ovary regulate the release of hormones that stimulates the production of ESTROGEN • Pituitary gland and the testes regulate the release of hormones that stimulate the production of TESTOSTERONE The hormones that regulate both male and female gamete formation are: LH- luteinizing hormone FSH- follicle stimulating hormone

  9. Reproduction Part 2

  10. Things to know about the Reproductive Systems Male Female Function and location of: Ovaries Oviduct Uterus Cervix • Function and location of: • Testes • Seminal Vesicle • Prostate gland • Vas Defernes • Urethra • Epididymis

  11. Testes • Organs that produce and store millions of male gametes(spermatocytes) after puberty, when testosterone is produced • Contain hundreds of tiny coiled tubes called SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES ( production of gametes) • Epididymis • Structure that sits on top of testes • Spermatocytes produced in SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES leave and travel here to MATURE • VasDefernes • Mature spermatocytes leave EPIDIDYMIS and move into these tubes that extend upward from the scrotum to the abdomen • These tubes eventually merge with the URETHRA • SeminalVesicle and ProstateGlands • GLANDS that line the reproductive tract • Glands that produce liquid (seminal fluid) that carries male gametes out of the body • seminal fluid-nutrient rich fluid that nourishes and protects male gametes from the acidity of the female reproductive tract • Seminal Vesicles are attached to the Vas Deferns, the tube that the spermatocytes travel through • Urethra • Tube that carries MATURE gametes out of the body through the penis (always responsible for carrying urine out of the body) SeminalFluid+ Sperm = Semen

  12. Path of Male Gametes • Testes contain seminiferous tubules (gametes produced) • Epididymis(gametes Mature and are STORED) • Vasdeferens (gametes travel) • Urethra(gametes travel) • Out of the body

  13. Female Reproductive System Ovaries (produce, store and release EGGS) Female gonads that produce ova (oocytes)and estrogen Contains about 400,000 primary oocytes, contained in protective cluster of cells called FOLLICLES Only 400 eggs will be released Every 28 days one follicle moves to edge of ovary, follicle breaks open and egg is released into oviduct (FT) Oviduct/Fallopian Tube (FT) Where fertilization occurs if male gamete is here Cilia move egg along Development of embryo (morula and blastula occur) Dumps egg into cavity called UTERUS Uterus Site of attachment of the fertilized egg (implantation) Provided nourishment to embryo End of uterus is the opening called the CERVIX Cervix Opens up to canal (VAGINA) that carries unfertilized oocyte OR completely developed FETUS out of the body

  14. The End

More Related