1 / 20

Wednesday Red Earth

Wednesday Red Earth. Nothing happened after that We j ust lived Two Leggings. Following Pequot war 1636-7 Native population into first “Indian Reservations” Known as “Praying Towns” First in Nantick 1651 Eventually 14 in total. 1851, Indian Appropriations Act

yaphet
Download Presentation

Wednesday Red Earth

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Wednesday Red Earth

  2. Nothing happened after that • We just lived • Two Leggings

  3. Following Pequot war 1636-7 Native population into first “Indian Reservations” Known as “Praying Towns” First in Nantick 1651 Eventually 14 in total

  4. 1851, Indian Appropriations Act • authorized the creation of Indian reservations in modern day Oklahoma. • Fully developed reservation system emerged in 1867-1887 • System have been described as • “the purgatorial mechanisms by which whites could begin to assimilate Indians”

  5. Many Native Americans forced onto reservations • For some there was a desperate logic • Reservation boundaries secured at least a part of traditional lands • For white population an area where • They could be cared for and civilized

  6. The reservation system part of a process of assimilation • Attempt by US Government and other concerned citizens to turn Native Americans in “Americans” • Detribalization • Practice Christianity • Sedentary lives • Fixed plots of land • Single size fits all

  7. Fort Marion Prison, Florida Captain Richard Henry Pratt • 72 “ringleaders” from southern plains • Civilization by immersion • Took off shackles • Cut hair and handed out army uniforms • Rapid and complete assimilation?

  8. Reservations areas were detribalization to begin • long-term policy was to remove the need for Reservations • Stage on the road to total assimilation • Effectiveness of action depended on Agent • Often not a friend to the Indian but simply a political appointee

  9. Supporting the agent • Were a cast of helpers • Clerks • Doctors • Field matrons • Farmers • Teachers • Blacksmiths • All usually white • Courts of Indian offenses • Reservation Police • Staffed by Native Americans Ration Day, Pine Ridge, 1891

  10. Big Aspect of Assimilation Both on and off the reservations Education Education for Extinction

  11. Paiute • 1860 reservation in Nevada • 1879 relocated to Oregon • Sarah Winnemucca • Gave over 400 public speeches • Indians will “never be civilized if you keep sendign us such agents as have been sent to us year after year, who do nothing but fill their pockets, and the pockets of their wives and sisters, who are always put in as teachers, . . .and yet they do not teach”

  12. Reservation life did not mean the end of resistance • Wooden Leg, Northern Cheyenne • Fought at Little Big Horn • Later served as tribal judge on reservation • Government banned Polygny • He sent away one of his wives • When others ignored law • “Just listened and did nothing” Crow Judges evolved into “government sanctioned elders who worked to reconcile their oaths of office with individual behavior and the standards of their community” Fred Hoxie

  13. Ghost Dance • 1869 Wodziwob, Paiute holy man • Nevada- California border • Began preaching that world would soon end and whites would be removed form Native America • Assisted by Tavivo began to pray and sing to bring on the apocalypse • End did not come and ghost dance ended in the region

  14. Tavivo’s son • Wovoko • Would once again popularize the ceremony • Travelled throughout the west • January 1 1889 • Seriously ill • An eclipse of the sun marked Wovoka’s death

  15. Travelled to heaven • Met the creator • Later told anthropologist James Mooney • “he saw God, with all the people who had died long ago engaged in their old-time sports and occupations, all happy and forever young” • “must go back to his people and they must be good and love one another, have no quarrelling, and live in peace with the whites; they must work, and not lie or steal; that they must put away all the old practices that savored war”

  16. To Native Americans living impoverished lives on reservations the idea was appealing • Delegations travelled to meet Wovoka from many regions • He urged people to dance every six weeks • Known as ghost dance by whites as participants appeared ghost like singing and dancing until exhausted • 1889 Lakota delegation led by Kicking bear visited Wovoko • Summer 1890 Lakota began to learn dance

  17. Many whites feared that the Ghost Dance was first step in renewed war by the Lakota • Many Lakota wore “Ghost dance shirts” • Said to be impervious to bullets • Indian Agents banned Ghost Dance in November 1890 • Ordered the arrest of several leaders on reservations • Including Sitting Bull • December 12 1890, 2 Indian policemen moved to arrest sitting bull • In confusion of arrest Sitting Bull shot and Killed

  18. Shock and anger spread quickly • Rumors began • Army planned to round up all Ghost Dancers or possibly kill them • Several hundred dancers under the leadership of Big Foot a MiniconjouSoiux fled into the bad lands • Eventually they began to move towards Pine Ridge Reservation to surrender but were intercepted by 7th cavalry

  19. Soldiers moved people to Wounded Knee creeknext day all men ordered out as soldiers began to search fo concealled weapons

  20. Wounded Knee Massacre

More Related