From the study design

2. From the study design • Key knowledge • The priorities of the Australian Government’s aid initiatives and the role it plays in developing programs to improve global health and sustainable human development; • Key Skills • describe the role of international and Australian government and non-government agencies and organisations in global health and sustainable human development;

3. Australia's aid program • Through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the Australian Government acts to promote sustainable human development by working to reduce poverty in developing countries. The purpose of the aid program is to promote Australia’s national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. • Head quarters in Canberra.

4. Where does money come from • All Australians contribute to this aid program – • Every week about $3.30 in taxes from each tax payer goes toward paying for our aid program • Approx 1% of the Australian governments expenditure and approx .37% of GNI

5. How does the Govt provide Aid • Provides funds to multilateral organisations such as the United nations, world bank, WHO • Forms bilateral agreements with developing countries • Funds NGO’s • Providing humanitarian assistance in times on need

6. Funding to multilateral organisations • Multilateral organisations extend the reach of Australia's aid program as their large size enables them to undertake projects on a scale that would not be possible for individual countries alone. • Working with the United Nations and its humanitarian agencies, Australia ensures carefully targeted programs are put in place for long-term development. • to accelerate achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by improving access to health services—particularly maternal and child health and HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention—and education for the poorest of the poor. • Around one-third of the aid budget is dedicated to multilateral aid

7. Bilateral aid • Through DFAT, the government provides aid directly to 75 countries, including our nearest neighbours: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, East Timor and the nations of the South Pacific region. This aid comes in the form of funding, donations of material resources, training and advice. This assistance helps partner governments to strengthen their economic, political, health and education systems with the aim of eventually becoming self-sufficient and no longer needing our support. 

8. NGO’s • Around 6% of total Australian aid funding goes to Australian non–government organisations • NGOs are effective in reaching the most vulnerable populations.  • NGOs work with communities in more than 50 countries across Asia, the Pacific, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean.  • Australian NGOs bring particular strengths to the aid program.  They organise public support and voluntary contributions for aid, and work in areas which are difficult to access such as conflict affected regions.  • Many NGOs focus their efforts on small community-based development work and also have expertise in working in emergency situations where fast and flexible responses are essential. 

9. Countries where we provide aid

10. Priorities of Australia's Aid initiatives

11. Economic development, including encouraging trade and private sector investment • Economic development relates to increasing opportunities for employment and increasing average incomes. A developed economy provides many benefits to global health and sustainable human development • More taxation revenue which can be used by governments for resources such as infrastructure (including roads and communications systems), education, health care and social security. This assists the population in accessing knowledge and the resources required for a decent standard of living. Health care can decrease rates of communicable diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS. • Greater employment opportunities for individuals which can provide them with an income which can then be used to provide resources such as food, water and adequate housing. This increases the ability of people to lead long, healthy and productive lives, in accordance with their needs and interests. • Increased ability to develop new industries that can contribute to future economic growth. This improves opportunities for future generations to enjoy a decent standard of living.

12. Increasing trade and private sector • By participating in global trade, developing countries have the opportunity to earn an income from selling goods and resources, including to developed countries. This increases the economy of developing countries and increases average incomes • The private sector includes self-employed people including farmers and street vendors, small and medium sized businesses, through to large locally owned firms and multinational corporations. The private sector is essential in developing the economy of a country as around 90% of jobs created in developing countries are created in the private sector.

13. How Australia helps • Providing practical assistance and advice to help developing countries participate and be competitive in the global trading system. • Provide funding for infrastructure development to assist countries in trading. • In Papua New Guinea, improved air freight processing times allow Papua New Guinea to trade more efficiently the global market which can enhance their economy. • Working to promote trade agreements between developed and developing countries to increase trading opportunities between them. • Training local people in areas relating to global trade including agricultural trade, competition policy and intellectual property.

14. Providing microfinance loans so individuals can start their own businesses. This involves lending small amounts of money with low interest rates so people can purchase the resources required to start their business (such as a cow or sewing machine). • Providing funding and education to assist people in developing countries improve their skills and increase their employability. • Building better environments for business. This includes advising on business registration processes, implementing contract laws, establishing institutions to provide support to business and providing businesses with access to finance • Provide infrastructure that assists businesses in their operations such as providing a consistent electricity supply and ICT systems.

15. Health, including supporting the fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis • Many people in developing countries experience poor health outcomes which contributes to the cycle of poverty and low levels of human development.

16. What is Australia doing? • Through a bilateral partnership with the Indonesian Government, Australia provided funds for approximately 600,000 people in Indonesia to gain increased access to safe water, and around 110,000 additional people to gain access to basic sanitation or a public toilet • Australia’s contribution to the GAVI Alliance (a multilateral organisation) is expected to fully immunise 7.7 million children in developing countries against major diseases; and prevent 3.9 million people dying from preventable diseases. • vaccinating 900 000 children in Papua New Guinea since 2009 • reducing malaria by 80 per cent in Vanuatu • expanding access to essential basic health services in Afghanistan from less than 10 per cent of the population in 2001 to around 85 per cent in 2012 • contributing to better water and sanitation for three million people in Southern and Central Africa • supporting maternal and child health services in Bangladesh for more than 27 million people, leading to a 40 per cent reduction in maternal deaths over the past decade.

17. Education • Education is a fundamental key to overcoming poverty and assisting individuals to lead productive, creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests.

18. What is Austaralia doing? • help seven million children in Afghanistan attend school • helping 330 000 poor children in Indonesia attend school by building more than 2000 schools • helping 462 000 of the poorest Bangladeshi families with skills training, income support and basic health care • providing short- and long term-scholarships to address critical human resource needs in developing countries . • training more than 20 000 people from developing countries at Australian institutions in areas from public administration to medicine

19. enrolling one million additional children in school, providing 2.5 million textbooks, funding the construction of more than 8500 classrooms, providing one million students with financial or nutritional support, and training more than 100 000 teachers and school officials • Contributed in part to the abolition of school fees in Papua New Guinea, which enabled more than 535,000 children to access free education thereby enhancing their capabilities. (Bilateral) • In Loas, 70 scholarships were granted to students from disadvantaged backgrounds to study at a Lao university and increasing access to knowledge. (Bilateral) • Through a bilateral agreement with the Philippines, Australia provided expert advice to assist the Philippines introduce three additional years of schooling.

20. Empowering women and girls • By empowering women and girls, benefits are felt throughout the community with higher average incomes, greater levels of education and healthier families.

21. What is Australia doing? • the Australia–Pacific Women Parliamentarians Partnership Program to help address the low levels of women’s representation in Pacific politics. • is helping improve infrastructure and governance in three produce markets in Port Moresby so that women vendors have a safer place to work and can increase their incomes. • In 2012–13, Australia helped 24 772 women survivors of violence access critical services such as emergency shelters, counselling and legal advice. • Australia is a strong supporter of UN Women—the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women.

22. Effective governance • Governance affects virtually all aspects of a country’s society and economy. Stable, productive governments can work to promote the health and human development of the population. • economic growth, • private sector investment and trade. • maintain law and order • deliver education and health services

23. What is Australia doing? • Provided advice to governments Eg.,health systems, police forces and legal systems. • supported the Papua New Guinea general election, including through logistics, training and security coordination. • helped countries such as the Solomon Islands to improve budget processes • trained 2860 public servants in Papua New Guinea in core public administration competencies such as record keeping, time management and staff supervision • Providing support including policy advice and technical expertise designed to support development efforts;

24. Humanitarian aid • Australia’s goal for humanitarian action is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity during and in the aftermath of humanitarian crises.

25. What is Australia doing? • Sending staff to affected areas to provide immediate support (emergency/humanitarian aid). • The Government has established a warehouse in Brisbane that contains around 100 tonnes of emergency supplies including medical kits, blankets, temporary shelter, food ration packs and drinking water. • Funds are also provided to non-government organisations • working in partnership with the World Food Programme • providing food, shelter, water, sanitation and medical care in response to the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Libya, where almost one million people were displaced by conflict.

26. How does the training of local people by the Australian Government ensure the sustainability of implemented programs in developing countries? • Write down two examples of how Australia works to improve global health and sustainable human development

27. Australia’s aid VIDEO • Watch each video and explain how each can help achieve sustainable human development (elements of sustainability). Also what aid has been provided?

28. Examples • Providing Health in Tonga • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIs7rW0OyR4 • Pakistan Floods • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6GKd95T3s0 • Education in Laos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93Ng8IGzxD0 • AusAid in Malawi • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiVmEgBAW8E • Skilling workers in the pacific • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dIYVYhGiBI