Fragments Run-ons Comma Splices

1. Fragments Run-onsComma Splices

2. A sentence (or independent clause) is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

3. A fragment is a group of words that looks like a sentence but is in fact only part of a sentence, a piece of one. It lacks a subject, a verb, or a complete thought

4. There are several kinds of fragments: • Dependent clause by itself • Missing subject it • Missing subject there • Missing verb • Missing subject and verb • -Ing phrases • Noun clauses and phrases

5. These are trouble spots to watch: Some fragments start with a preposition.Some fragments start with a dependent word.Some start with an –ing verb formSome start with an example or explanation

6. If you find one of these trouble spots in your writing, ask: Is there a subject and a verb and a complete thought?

7. If the answer is yes, You have a complete sentence.If the answer is no, you have a fragment that must be corrected

8. To correct the fragment you can 1. add the missing sentence element ( subject, verb or thought)2. connect the fragment to the sentence before or after it.

9. becausealthoughwhichifwhen Look for danger words Your Text Here

10. Dependent Clause The man who is coming over to fix the washer and dryer this morning. Chris looked for a job for a whole year. Before he found the right one. Dependent clause

11. What type of Fragment is this?How can it be corrected?We could not believe the crowds at the mall on a weekday. In every shop and at the food court, too.

12. One man bought a framed picture for a few dollars at a flea market. Since he liked the frame itself but not the picture.

13. Such as, For example, For instanceare phrases that introduce examples. Notice the punctuation in the examples:

14. There are many warm weather sports such as swimming, beach volleyball, and water skiing.There are many warm weather sports, for example, swimming, beach volleyball, and water skiing.There are many warm weather sports, for instance, swimming, beach volleyball, and water skiing.

15. For example and For instance require commas.Such as does not require a comma.

16. A run-on sentence happens when you connect two independent clauses incorrectly. They are written as one sentence. Sometimes the two clauses have nothing between them, no punctuation at all.

17. There are 4 ways to correct run-ons • Add a period • Add a comma and a conjunction • Add a semicolon • Add a dependent word

18. Ways to correct run-on sentences:1. If the ideas are equal, use one of the techniques of coordination.

19. Chung is an excellent student he is a star athlete.Chung is an excellent student, and he is a star athlete.Chung is an excellent student; inaddition, he is a star athlete.Chung is an excellent student; he is a star athlete.

20. 2. If one idea gives secondary information, use a technique of subordination.Chung gets straight A’s he studies all the time.

21. a) Make one idea an adverb clauseChung get straight A’s because he studies all the time.Orb) an adjective clauseChung, who studies all the time, gets straight A’s.

22. thenalsothereforein the middle of the sentence. Danger Words for Run-ons

23. Ask yourself three questions: • Are there two clauses? • Are both clauses independent? • How are clauses joined?

24. We finished our homework then we played video games.Are there two clauses?Are both clauses independent?How are the clauses joined?Is this a run-on sentence?We finished our homework, and then we played video games.

25. Our homework is to read Chapter 6, and there is also a test on Friday.Are there two clauses?Are both clauses independent?How are the clauses joined?Is this a run-on sentence?

26. There are a few misconceptions about yawns one of them has to do with oxygen levels.

27. Mother got three purses for her birthday she will probably take two of them back.

28. Comma splices occur when two independent clauses are joined by a comma.

29. My glasses are not strong enough, I cannot get to the eye doctor until next week.

30. Bob likes to read and write, he likes being a good teacher.

31. The following exercise is from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Writing CenterSeparate the following run-together sentences and rewrite them correctly.1. On weekends she opens her beauty shop, she has many of the women in the neighborhood as customers. 2. My brother, who is a postal clerk, has two sons one is a professional basketball player and the other is in college but has not yet made a career decision.

32. 3. Some people think they are sisters, both of them look very much alike. 4. There are three popular non-store services in use today one of these is the vending machine which may provide twenty-four hour service in some places.

33. 5. If prisoners have behaved properly, they are put on work release and they may go outside of the prison to work.6. Painting a car requires skill and proper materials it is a job where knowledge and patience go hand-in-hand.

34. 7. One of my friends has a wonderful voice and enjoys singing he also finds pleasure in making other people happy with his songs.8. A discarded refrigerator can be a very dangerous thing for a small child, a child is curious about things and may accidentally become locked inside of the refrigerator.

35. 9. A group of people gathered signatures of concerned parents, we took the signatures to the council and asked for a traffic light at the intersection.10. In front of the couch is a white marble coffee table, in the middle of the table is an ashtray that looks like an open rhinoceros' mouth.

36. THE END!