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Smallpox (Variola)

Smallpox (Variola). Jen Swank, Jason Rodrigue, Anthony Worm. Overview. Virus, therefore no cure Infectious and contagious Originally called the “Red Plague” Later called “Small Pox” to distinguish from the “Great Pox” (Syphilis) Vaccine available Humans are only known natural hosts

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Smallpox (Variola)

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  1. Smallpox(Variola) Jen Swank, Jason Rodrigue, Anthony Worm

  2. Overview • Virus, therefore no cure • Infectious and contagious • Originally called the “Red Plague” • Later called “Small Pox” to distinguish from the “Great Pox” (Syphilis) • Vaccine available • Humans are only known natural hosts • Declared eradicated • The name comes from “pox” the Latin word for “spotted” • Many forms • Majora, Minora, Flat, Hemorrhagic • Related to Cowpox and Chickenpox

  3. History • Major epidemic during the Renaissance. • Mainly from the 15th to the 18th c. • 1440’s – Killed more people in France than the plague • Vaccination method discovered - 1796 • Last reported case in US – 1949 • Last natural reported world case – Somalia 1977 • Declared Eradicated in 1980 • Nations still have stocks of it however

  4. Causes, Spreading, & Symptoms • Caused by virus, therefore not curable • Patients become immune after recovery, so vaccination is possible • Highly Contagious • Spread as aerosol through tiny droplets discharged from mouth and nose • Bodily fluids and discharge • 1-2 week incubation period. (not contagious)

  5. 1st Stage (~days 1-7) • High fever (101-104°F), back and muscle pains, and vomiting occur before breakout. (2-4 days) • Small red spots surface. • Start on palms and bottom of feet • (4 days) • Person is contagious • Fever falls and rash spot turn into raised bumps (BB size) • Bumps fill with thick puss. Called pustules

  6. 2nd Stage (~days 8-15) • Fever returns • Bacteria begins to infect the pustules (5 days) • Pustules can combine • Most deadly stage • Pustules begin to scab (5 days)

  7. Recovery (week 3) • Pustules continue to scab and begin to fall off (6 days) • Scars remain where pustules were • Most gone after 3 weeks • Person still contagious until all pustules have fallen off • Person develops long-term immunity to virus

  8. The pocks do not kill the patient Death is caused by secondary infection Lung, heart, and brain especially Most deaths occur during 2nd week Casualties

  9. Treatment • Only treatment is vaccination • Feasible vaccine developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner. • Heard that people infected with Cowpox did not catch Smallpox • Cowpox is minor disease caused by a different virus that causes only minor irritation • 1st vaccination performed on 8 year old James Phipps from a cowpox lymph

  10. Sources • Center for Disease Control and Prevention www.bt.cdc.gov • La Belle Compagnie Inc. www.labelle.org • UCLA online library http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/biomed/smallpox/ • World Health Organization www.who.int/en

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