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Explore how greed and bottlenecks fueled the Industrial Revolution, from the textile industry to innovative machinery like the Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, and Cotton Gin. Discover the impact of water power, interchangeable parts, and advancements like the Steam Engine that transformed manufacturing processes. Learn about key inventions such as the Power Loom, Puddling Process, and Bessemer Process that revolutionized iron production. Delve into the historical significance of these technological advancements in shaping modern industrialization.
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Greed: an excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves.
A bottleneck is a phenomenon where the performance or capacity of an entire system is limited or slowed at a specific point in that system
Remember: No matter how fast a system is, there is always a bottleneck because there is always a slowest point in the system.
Textile Industry in Britain: the beginning of the industrial revolution.
Cotton was spun and woven into cloth by hand in England until textile machinery, developed in the late 1700s, revolutionized its manufacture.
Cottage Industry Before the Industrial Revolution, textiles were produced under the cottage system, in which merchant clothiers had their work done in the homes of artisans or farming families.
THE FLYING SHUTTLE The flying shuttle was invented by John Kay in 1733 A.D. It allowed thread to be woven into cloth faster. It doubled the amount of cloth output per worker / per day.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/clothing/weaving.htm Demonstration of Flying Shuttle:
Spinning Jenny The spinning Jenny was invented by James Hargreaves in 1769 A.D. The spinning jenny is a spinning wheel that works eight threads at a time. It spun cotton into thread. There was a shortage of thread before the pinning jenny, but the spinning jenny made a way to produce thread much more quickly.
WATER FRAME 1769 A.D. The water frame was invent by Richard Arkwright in 1769 A.D. The water frame worked the spinning jenny. Instead of human power, water power was used. It spun cotton into thread faster.
Cotton gin • His cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton.
COTTON GIN 1793 A.D. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. Cotton for thread came from American colonies, increasing demand for slaves. The seeds in cotton were difficult to remove, so the cotton gin was created to remove the seeds by machine instead of hand.
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS 1793 A.D. Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts to the U.S. He built ten guns and disassembled them before the U.S. Congress. He placed the parts in a mixed pile and was able to reassemble them. Before, everything was made by hand, now parts were made by machines Broken machines were now able to be fixed by replacing the broken parts.
Water power The first textile mills, needing waterpower to drive their machinery, were built on fast-moving streams in rural England.
Water powers shafts, Shafts power belts, which power the machines So, what do you think of the working conditions? Girls – that long hair may be an issue.
SPINNING MULE 1769 A.D. • The spinning mule was invented in 1769 A.D. by Samuel Compton. • Up to 400 spindles of thread were working at a time. • The spinning mule made better thread.
POWER LOOM 1787 A.D. • The power loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787 A.D. • The power loom used water power for weaving thread into cloth.
NEWCOMEN STEAM ENGINE 1712 A.D. • This steam engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen. • It was the first steam pump to remove water from coal mines. • Water flooded coal mines in the winter. • The only negative factor in this invention was that it often exploded because it pressured too much.
STEAM ENGINE IMPROVEMENTS 1769 A.D. • James Watt improved the steam engine. • It had more power, less coal, and it was more reliable. • It also enabled the development of a reciprocating engine, with upwards and downwards power strokes more suited to transmitting power to a wheel
Double acting stationary engine The huge ironworks would never have come into existence without the steam engine, the third great trigger of the age.
James Watts’ steam engine
Steam Engine • The steam engine was not just a transportation device. It ran entire factories the way rivers used to.
Cotton mill By the mid-19th century, cotton manufacture was an entirely factory-based operation, notably in the Lancashire towns of Manchester and Oldham as shown in this photograph at right. A cotton mill, c.1850.
Iron • If textiles fueled the Industrial Revolution, iron was the scaffolding on which it was constructed. • Without iron, there could have been no meaningful industrialization.
Iron It was needed everywhere, from the framework of spinning mules to the boilers and cylinders of steam engines.
PUDDLING PROCESS 1783 A.D. • The puddling process was invented by Henry Cort in 1783. • It refined iron and made it stronger. • New techniques for making sheets of iron were developed. • This enabled a great expansion of iron production around the world.
BESSEMER PROCESS 1855 A.D. • The Bessemer process was invented by Henry Bessemer. • During the Bessemer process, a blast of cold air goes through the iron ore to remove all impurities. • It made the production of steel (iron mixed with other metals) easier and quicker. • Steel was now stronger and more workable. • It triggered the growth in other industries.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/rocket/index_embed.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/rocket/index_embed.shtml
RAILROADS 1829 A.D. • The first railroads were built by George Stephenson in 1829. • The first steam powered locomotives were invented. • The Rocket – 20 mph. • In 1850, 5,000 miles of railroad tracks were built in Britain. • Steel tracks replaced the iron tracks, and train speeds were up to 60 mph. • Raw materials, factories, and workers were now closer together.
