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Science of Scuba Diving. Spicer Bak Stevens Institute of Technology This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF DGE-0742462. Overview. Magnification Light Pressure Boyles Law Nitrogen Narcosis. Magnification.
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Science of Scuba Diving Spicer Bak Stevens Institute of Technology This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF DGE-0742462
Overview • Magnification • Light • Pressure • Boyles Law • Nitrogen Narcosis
Magnification • Objects appear 33% larger • 25% closer • 3 m long object – 4 m away • 33% larger – 33% of 3m is 1m = 4m • Looking up at 45% • 4m tall at distance of 4m • 25% closer, appears 3m tall at distance 3m • (3m tall at distance of 3m)
Boyles Law • P1*V1=P2*V2 • Pressure = P • Volume = V • As Pressure Increases • Volume Decreases • Applied to: • BC • Lungs • Mask • Body
Pressure • With Depth, Pressure Increases • Even in lungs and • At Depth = 99 ft.. • 1 breath = 4xmolecules of air of normal breath
Boyles Law • Decompression Sickness • High Pressure increases nitrogen concentration in blood • Turns Gas -> Liquid • Dissolves in blood • Come to surface too quickly • Nitrogen goes from Liquid to Gas in blood stream (like opening coke) • Embolism • Decompression Stops • Stop at various depths during surface to reach equilibrium • Emergency Surface • Take Deep breath and blow out slowly as rise to the surface • Gas expands, always have air
Nitrogen Narcosis • With depth increases nitrogen in blood stream • Under High Pressure Nitrogen Dissolves into blood • Causes Nitrogen narcosis • Effects • Similar to Alcohol Intoxication
Nitrogen Narcosis - Solutions • Normal – 78% nitrogen – 21% Oxygen • Nitrox • Mixes with higher oxygen content • Very specific types of dives • 68% N – 32% O2 • Others designed • Oxygen Toxicity • VENTID-C • Vision (blurriness) • Ears-Ringing • Nausea • Twitching • Irritability • Dizziness • Convulsions
Nitrogen Narcosis Does Free Diving have same Risks as Scuba Diving? Eg. Nitrogen Narcosis, The bends?