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Tofail Ahmed Professor BDI, BRAC University

Tofail Ahmed Professor BDI, BRAC University. Local Government in Bangladesh. CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012. Basic Facts of Bangaldesh. With an area of about 144,000 sq km, Bangladesh is situated between latitudes 20~34‘ and 26~38' north and latitudes 88~01‘ and 92~41' east. The country is

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Tofail Ahmed Professor BDI, BRAC University

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  1. Tofail Ahmed ProfessorBDI, BRAC University Local Government in Bangladesh CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  2. Basic Facts of Bangaldesh With an area of about 144,000 sq km, Bangladesh is situated between latitudes 20~34‘ and 26~38' north and latitudes 88~01‘ and 92~41' east. The country is bordered by India on the east, west and north and by the Bay of Bengal on the south. There is also a small strip of frontier with Burma on the southeastern edge. The land is a deltaic plain with a network of numerous rivers and canals. Population: 140.80 million CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  3. History • Part of undivided Indian sub-continent until 1947 • Eastern wing of Pakistan upto 1970 • Emerged as sovereign and independent state from 26 March 1971 CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  4. Government and Governance • Unitary government with unicameral legislatrure • Parliamentary form of Westminister type • Local government considered as second tier/sphere of government CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  5. Government and Local Governance Finance and planning Foreign Affairs Health Education Communication Environment Public Workd Agriculture Social Service Three tiers rural local government Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperative Single tier urban local government District council (64) City Corporation (11)  Municipality (309) Home Affairs Fisheries and Livestock Religious affairs Women and Children Affairs Youth and sports Food and Disaster 24 other ministries Upazila Parishad (482) Union Parishad (4502) CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  6. Constitution and Local Government 59. (1) Local government in every administrative unit of the Republic shall be entrusted to bodies, composed of persons elected in accordance with law. (2) Everybody such as is referred to in clause (1) shall, subject to this Constitution and any other law, perform within the appropriate administrative unit such functions as shall be prescribed by Act of Parliament, which may include functions relating to – (a) administration and the work of public officers; (b) the maintenance of public order; (c) the preparation and implementation of plans relating to public services and economic development. 60. For the purpose of giving full effect to the provisions of article 59 Parliament shall, by law, confer powers on the local government bodies referred to in that article, including power to impose taxes for local purposes, to prepare their budgets and to maintain funds.] CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  7. Local Govt Institutions Administrative Levels/Tiers Administrator(s) Divisional Councils(1959) Divisions(1829) - 7 Divisional Commissioner District Board(1885)/ District Council(1959)/ Zila Parishad(1972) District(1769)-64 Collector/DM/DC SDM/SDO Local Board(1885) Sub-division(1875) Thana Council(1959)/ Thana Parishad(1972)/ UpazilaParishad(!982-1998) Thana(1793)/ Upazila(1982) -464 CO(Dev)/CO(REV) TNO/UNO ChowkidariPanchayet(1870)/ Union Panchayet(1882)/ Union Board(1919)/ UC(1959)UP(1972) Union(1870)4502 * Villages-85000 * Gram Sarker/ Gram Parishad Administration and Corresponding Local Government Tiers CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  8. Local Govt. Structure in Bangladesh Hill Tracts Affairs Ministry Local Govt. Division Urban Local Govt. Local Govt. Special Area Rural Local Govt. Regional Council 1 District Council 61 City Corporation 7 Raja/Circle Chief 3 Hill District Council 3 Upazila Parishad 482 Pourashava 3 Pourashava 398 Upazila Parishad 25 Union Parishad 4498 Mouza Based Headman-karbari System 472 Union Parishad 118 Ward 1189 Ward 40482 CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  9. District Council, Rangpur CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  10. Upazila Parishad Chair – 1 Vice-Chair(s)-2 Members- All UP & Pourashava Chairs/Mayors, Women member, Advisor (s) Local MP (s) Secretary UZP/ UNO Dept. & Officials Transferred Dept. Retained Other Govt. departments but not related to UZP • Secretary, UZP (UNO) • Upazila Health (50) • Upazila Family Welfare • Officer (10) • Upazila Education • Office (15) • Upazila Agriculture (30) • Upazila Public Health • Engineering (8) • Upazila Engineer • (LGED)-(20) • Upazila Livestock (5) • Upazila Fishery (5) • Upazila Social Services • Upazila Women Affairs • Upazila Youth • Development • PIO • Rural Development • (BRDB) • Secondary Education • Stipend management • Cooperative • Police (30) • Ansar – VDP • Statistics • Accounts • Land • Sub-Registrar • Election • Post & Telecommunication • BWDB • Gas supply • Electricity supply • R&H / Railway • PWD • Forest & Environment • Sports & Culture CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  11. Union Parishad • Secretary-1 • Village • Police-10 Village Court Chair-1 Members (G)- 9 Women Members-3 • Dept. Transferred to UP • SAE, LGED • Mechanic (DPHE) • SAAO (Ag.) • HA/HI/FWA/FWI • A EO • Vat Asstt. (Livestock) • Field Asstt. (Fishery) • Social Worker • Ansar-VDP Women Ward Women Ward Women Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward G. Ward CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  12. Intergovernmental Relations • Fiscal Transfer • Direct Grants • Project Assistance • Service support through different central govt. Functionaries • Policy Support • Tax sharing • Power to levey taxation • Power to collect service charges • Provision for receiving • Grants and donations • Admin. Mgt. & HR • Placing govt. Functions and functionaries at LG • Monitoring, Supervision, Audit and Capacity Building CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  13. Three Major Challenges for all South Asian Countries • - Interface between administrative and corresponding local government tiers/levels - Multi-tiers vs single tier LG Bodies 2. Rural Urban Interface • RuralPeri – urban  Urban Continuum • Urban Future of Rural South Asia 3. Rational Fiscal Framework CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

  14. Local Government Associations in Bangladesh Association of Mayor and Councillor • BUPF – Bangladesh Union Parishad Forum UP – Chair 4502 General ward member 40518 Women members (reserve) 13506 Total 58,526

  15. Municipal Association of Bangladesh (MAB) Mayors 309 Councillors 2781 Women Councillors 927 Total 4017

  16. Bangladesh UpazilaParishad Forum Chair 482 Vice Chair 482 Vice Chair (woman) 482 Total 1466

  17. Total women representatives 13506 927 482 14915

  18. Staff Association • UP secretaries association • Village police association • Municipal staff association

  19. Civil Society Association • Citizen for good governance • Local government support • Governance coalition

  20. Activities of Associations • BUPF created a charter of demand for strengthening UP • Unconditional grant system • Additional staff support • Construction of UP complex • Tax sharing arrangement • UZPF 10 point demand • Increased budget allocation • Changes in the set • MAB successfully amended Municipal Act 2009 with provision of mandate for town planning

  21. Achievement of CSO movement • Main force behind all the associations • Mobilise political parties and media

  22. ahmedt_dr@yahoo.comtofail.ahmed@undp.org THANKYOU! CLGF, Colombo, 25 April 2012

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