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KEY CONCEPT Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

KEY CONCEPT Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem. . energy lost. energy transferred. Energy pyramids are diagrams that compare energy used by producers and other organisms on trophic levels.

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KEY CONCEPT Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

  2. energy lost energy transferred • Energy pyramids are diagrams that compare energy used by producers and other organisms on trophic levels. • Between each tier of an energy pyramid, up to 90% of the energy is lost into the atmosphere as heat (only 10 % is transferred) • The longer the food chain is, the more energy is lost overall.

  3. tertiary consumers 75 g/m2 150g/m2 secondary consumers primary consumers 675g/m2 2000g/m2 2000g/m2 producers producers • Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area. • Energy is balanced because the mass of producers outweighs the mass of tertiary consumers.

  4. 5 tertiary consumers secondary consumers 5000 primary consumers 500,000 producers 5,000,000 producers 5,000,000 • A pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. • A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.

  5. Like energy, matter also travels in the ecosystem • A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological parts of an ecosystem. • There are 5 biogeochemical cycles: • Hydrologic • Oxygen • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus

  6. Each biogeochemical cycle has important steps. • Hydrologic (water) • Storage, evaporation, condensation, precipitation • Oxygen • Respiration • Photosynthesis • Carbon (The building block of life) • Combustion • Decomposition • Nitrogen (78% of Earth’s atmosphere!) • Nitrogen fixation • Nitrification • Ammonification • Phosphorus (Most of this cycle takes place below ground) • Weathering • Leaching • Geologic uplifting

  7. Oxygen • Respiration = The act of inhaling and exhaling air in order to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. • Photosynthesis = The process a plant uses to combine sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and sugar (energy). • Carbon (The building block of life) • Combustion = The process of burning. • Decomposition = to break up or separate into basic components or parts • Nitrogen (78% of Earth’s atmosphere!) • Nitrogen fixation = The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to biologically usable nitrates. • Nitrification = The process where ammonia in wastewater is oxidized to nitrite and then to nitrate by bacterial or chemical reactions. • Ammonification= Production of ammonia in the decomposition of organic matter, especially through the action of bacteria.

  8. Phosphorus (Most of this cycle takes place below ground) • Weathering = The gradual destruction of rock under surface conditions. • Leaching = The process by which matter is dissolved in groundwater and carried through the soil. • Geologic uplifting = Vertical elevation of Earth’s surface in response to natural causes.

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